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Tenogenic differentiation protocol in xenogenic-free media enhances tendon-related marker expression in ASCs.

ABSTRACT: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent and immune-privileged mesenchymal cells, making them ideal candidates for therapeutic purposes to manage tendon disorders. Providing safe and regulated cell therapy products to patients requires adherence to good manufacturing practices. To this aim we investigated the in vitro tenogenic differentiation potential of ASCs using a chemically defined serum-free medium (SF) or a xenogenic-free human pooled platelet lysate medium (hPL) suitable for cell therapy and both supplemented with CTGF, TGF?-3, BMP-12 and ascorbic acid (AA) soluble factors. Human ASCs were isolated from 4 healthy donors and they were inducted to differentiate until 14 days in both hPL and SF tenogenic media (hPL-TENO and SF-TENO). Cell viability and immunophenotype profile were analysed to evaluate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics in both xenogenic-free media. Moreover, the expression of stemness and tendon-related markers upon cell differentiation by RT-PCR, protein staining and cytofluorimetric analysis were also performed. Our results showed the two xenogenic-free media well support cell viability of ASCs and maintain their MSC nature as demonstrated by their typical immunophenototype profile and by the expression of NANOG, OCT4 and Ki67 genes. Moreover, both hPL-TENO and SF-TENO expressed significant high levels of the tendon-related genes SCX, COL1A1, COL3A1, COMP, MMP3 and MMP13 already at early time points in comparison to the respective controls. Significant up-regulations in scleraxis, collagen and tenomodulin proteins were also demonstrated at in both differentiated SF and hPL ASCs. In conclusion, we demonstrated firstly the feasibility of both serum and xenogenic-free media tested to culture ASCs moving forward the GMP-compliant approaches for clinical scale expansion of human MSCs needed for therapeutical application of stem cells. Moreover, a combination of CTGF, BMP-12, TGF?3 and AA factors strongly and rapidly induce human ASCs to differentiate into tenocyte-like cells.

SUBMITTER: Stanco D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6372228 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tenogenic differentiation protocol in xenogenic-free media enhances tendon-related marker expression in ASCs.

Stanco Deborah D Caprara Christian C Ciardelli Gianluca G Mariotta Luca L Gola Mauro M Minonzio Greta G Soldati Gianni G

PloS one 20190212 2

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent and immune-privileged mesenchymal cells, making them ideal candidates for therapeutic purposes to manage tendon disorders. Providing safe and regulated cell therapy products to patients requires adherence to good manufacturing practices. To this aim we investigated the in vitro tenogenic differentiation potential of ASCs using a chemically defined serum-free medium (SF) or a xenogenic-free human pooled platelet lysate medium (hPL) suitable for ce ...[more]

PMID: 30753235

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Project description:BackgroundOutcomes after intrasynovial tendon repair are highly variable. An intense inflammatory cascade followed by a delayed healing response can cause adhesion formation and repair-site failure that severely impair the function of repaired digits. No effective remedies exist to fully address these issues. Cell- and growth factor-based therapies have been shown to modulate inflammation and improve cell proliferation and matrix synthesis and therefore are promising treatment approaches for intrasynovial tendon repair.Questions/purposes(1) Can autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) and recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-12 (rBMP-12) be effectively delivered to an intrasynovial flexor tendon repair without adverse effects? (2) Do autologous ASCs modulate the inflammatory response after intrasynovial tendon injury and repair? (3) Does the combined application of autologous ASCs and rBMP-12 modulate the proliferative and remodeling responses after intrasynovial tendon injury and repair?MethodsSixteen 1- to 2-year-old female canines were used in this study. Autologous ASC sheets, with and without rBMP-12, were applied to the surface of sutured flexor tendons. Fourteen days after repair, the effects of treatment were determined using quantitative PCR (six per group) for the expression of genes related to macrophage phenotype or inflammation (IL-4, CD163, VEGF, NOS2, IL-1B, and IFNG), cell proliferation (CCND1), and tendon formation (SCX, TNMD, COL1A1 and COL3A1). Proteomics analysis (four per group) was performed to examine changes in tendon protein abundances. CD146 immunostaining and hematoxylin and eosin staining (four per group) were used to detect tendon stem or progenitor cells and to semiquantitatively evaluate cellularity at the tendon repair; analyses were done blinded to group.ResultsGross inspection and cell tracing showed that autologous ASCs and rBMP-12 were delivered to the flexor tendon repair site without the deleterious effects of adhesion and repair-site gap formation. Quantitative assessment of gene and protein expression showed effects of treatment: ASC-sheet treatment modulated the postrepair inflammatory response and facilitated healing by increasing regenerative M2 macrophages (M2 marker CD204, twofold of normal, p = 0.030), inflammatory inhibitor (prostaglandin reductase 1 [PTRG1], 1.6-fold of normal, p = 0.026), and proteins involved in tendon formation (periostin [POSTN], 1.9-fold of normal, p = 0.035). Consistently, semiquantitative and qualitative evaluations of repaired tissue showed that ASC-sheet treatment reduced mononuclear cell infiltration (12% less than nontreated tendons, p = 0.021) and introduced CD146+ stem or progenitor cells to the repair site. The combined administration of ASCs and rBMP-12 further stimulated M2 macrophages by increasing IL-4 (116-fold of normal, p = 0.002) and led to the increase of M2 effector matrix metalloproteinase-12 involved in matrix remodeling (twofold of normal, p = 0.016) and reduction of a negative regulator of angiogenesis and cell migration (StAR-related lipid transfer domain protein13 [STARD13]; 84% of normal, p = 0.000), thus facilitating the proliferative stage of tendon repair.ConclusionsASCs and BMP-12 accelerated the progression of healing in the proliferative stage of tendon repair. The effects of ASCs and BMP-12 on tendon functional recovery should be evaluated in future studies.Clinical relevanceThe cell sheet approach is an effective, biocompatible, and surgeon-friendly approach for cell and growth factor delivery during tendon repair. Combined application of ASCs and BMP-12 may accelerate intrasynovial tendon healing while suppressing the adverse inflammatory response.

Project description:Tendon injury is a common but tough medical problem. Unsatisfactory clinical results have been reported in tendon repair using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, creating a need for a better strategy to induce MSCs to tenogenic differentiation. This study was designed to examine the effect of hypoxia on the tenogenic differentiation of different MSCs and their tenogenic differentiation capacities under hypoxia condition in vitro and to investigate the in vivo inductility of hypoxia in tenogenesis. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AMSCs) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were isolated and characterized. The expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha (Hif-1?) was examined to confirm the establishment of hypoxia condition. qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the expression of tendon-associated marker Col-1a1, Col-3a1, Dcn, and Tnmd in AMSCs and BMSCs under hypoxia condition, compared with Tgf-?1 induction. In vivo, a patellar tendon injury model was established. Normoxic and hypoxic BMSCs were cultured and implanted. Histological, biomechanical, and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed to assess the improved healing effect of hypoxic BMSCs on tendon injury. Our in vitro results showed that hypoxia remarkably increased the expression of Hif-1? and that hypoxia not only promoted a significant increase in tenogenic markers in both AMSCs and BMSCs compared with the normoxia group but also showed higher inductility compared with Tgf-?1. In addition, hypoxic BMSCs exhibited higher potential of tenogenic differentiation than hypoxic AMSCs. Our in vivo results demonstrated that hypoxic BMSCs possessed better histological and biomechanical properties than normoxic BMSCs, as evidenced by histological scores, patellar tendon biomechanical parameters, and the range and average of collagen fibril diameters. These findings suggested that hypoxia may be a practical and reliable strategy to induce tenogenic differentiation of BMSCs for tendon repair and could enhance the effectiveness of MSCs therapy in treating tendon injury.

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Tenogenic differentiation protocol in xenogenic-free media enhances tendon-related marker expression in ASCs.

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Tenogenic differentiation protocol in xenogenic-free media enhances tendon-related marker expression in ASCs.

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