The Effect of Immunonutrition on Veterans Undergoing Major Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lewis S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6375420 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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The Effect of Immunonutrition on Veterans Undergoing Major Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer.
Lewis Sherri S Pugsley Michelle M Schneider Christopher C Rakita Steven S SS Moudgill Lisa J LJ
Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS 20180501 Suppl 4
A randomized controlled trial found that providing immunonutrition supplementation before surgery reduced the rate of postoperative complications and the length of hospital stays. ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundThe efficacy of enteral immunonutrition (EIN) in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery remains debatable. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness of EIN administration in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer.MethodsFrom January 2000 to January 2022, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with EIN versus standard diet or no supplement in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. Overall complications and infectious complications were the primary outcomes. The secondary results were non-infectious complications, mortality, length of hospital stay, and enteral nutrition-related complications.ResultsThirty-five studies reporting 3,692 patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer (including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, periampullary cancer, or pancreatic cancer) were included. Compared with the control group, EIN group had a significantly decreased incidence of overall complications (RR = 0.79, p < 0.001). Infectious complications in patients who received EIN were considerably lower than in the control group (RR = 0.66, p < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the incidence of surgical site infection, abdominal abscess, anastomotic leakage, bacteremia, duration of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and duration of antibiotic therapy was significantly lower in the specific infectious complications treated with EIN. Still, there was no significant difference between the two groups with other infectious complications. Moreover, a substantial shortening in the length of hospital stay was shown in EIN group compared with the control group. Still, no significant effect of EIN was demonstrated in non-infectious complicatios and mortality. The enteral nutrition-related complications had no significant difference between two groups.ConclusionsEIN is safe and effective in reducing overall complications, infectious complications, and hospital stay in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery (including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, periampullary cancer, or pancreatic cancer).
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Project description:Immunonutrition has been used to prevent the complications after colorectal elective surgery. This systematic review aimed to analyze and assess the effect of immunonutrition on colorectal cancer patients who received elective surgery.Three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane) were used to search the latent studies which investigated the effects of enteral immunonutrition (EIN) compared with standard enteral nutrition (EN) or parenteral immunonutrition (PIN) compared with standard parenteral nutrition (PN) on colorectal cancer patients who are undergoing surgery until 21st of April, 2017. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate odd risk (OR), mean difference (MD), or standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity was tested by Q test.Nine publications were included. The meta-analysis results presented that EIN improved the length of hospital stay (pooled MD, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.29-3.41), infectious complications (pooled OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.21-0.53) which contains the Surgical Site Infections (pooled OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.22-0.58) and Superficial/Deep incisional infections (pooled OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12-0.64); meanwhile, PIN improved the length of hospital stay (pooled MD, 2.66; 95% CI, 0.62-4.76), IL-6 (pooled MD, -?6.09; 95% CI, -?10.11 to -?2.07), CD3 (pooled MD, 7.50; 95% CI, 3.57-11.43), CD4 (pooled MD, 5.47; 95% CI, 2.54-8.40), and CD4/CD8 (pooled MD, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22-0.78); the level of CD8 was lower (pooled MD, -?4.32; 95% CI, -?7.09 to -?1.55) in PIN.Immunonutrition could be an effective approach to enhance the immune function of colorectal cancer patients undergoing elective surgery and to improve the clinical and laboratory outcomes.
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Project description:BackgroundThe use of cardiac output monitoring to guide intra-venous fluid and inotropic therapies may improve peri-operative outcomes, but uncertainty exists regarding clinical effectiveness and robust cost-effectiveness evidence is lacking. The objective of the study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of peri-operative cardiac output-guided haemodynamic therapy versus usual care in high-risk patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsThe study undertook a cost-effectiveness analysis using data from a multi-centre randomised trial that recruited patients from 17 hospitals in the United Kingdom. The trial compared cardiac output-guided, haemodynamic therapy algorithm for intra-venous fluid and inotrope (dopexamine) infusion during and 6 h following surgery, with usual care. Resource use and outcome data on 734 high-risk trial patients aged over 50 years undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery were used to report cost-effectiveness at 6 months and to project lifetime cost-effectiveness. The cost-effectiveness analysis used information on health-related quality of life (QoL) at randomisation, 30 days, and 6 months combined with information on vital status to report quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Each QALY was valued using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended threshold of willingness to pay (£20,000 per QALY) in conjunction with the costs of each group to report the incremental net monetary benefits (INB) of the treatment algorithm versus usual care.ResultsThe mean [SD] quality of life at 30 days and 6 months was similar between the treatment groups (at 6 months, intervention group 0.73 [0.28] versus usual care group 0.71 [0.30]; mean gain 0.03 [95 % confidence interval (CI) -0.01 to 0.08]). At 6 months, survival, mean QALYs and mean healthcare costs (intervention group £8574 versus usual care group £8974) were also similar. At the cost-effectiveness threshold of £20,000 per QALY gained, the incremental net benefit of haemodynamic therapy over the patients' lifetime was positive (£4168 [95 % CI -£3063 to £11,398]). This corresponds to an 87 % probability that this intervention is cost-effective.ConclusionsCardiac output-guided haemodynamic therapy algorithm was associated with an average cost reduction and improvement in QALY and is likely to be cost-effective. Further research is needed to confirm the clinical and cost-effectiveness of this treatment.Trial registrationISRCTN04386758.
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Project description:ObjectiveTo develop and validate a claims-based comorbidity score for patients undergoing major surgery, and compare its performance with established comorbidity scores.Data sourceFive percent Medicare data from 2007 to 2014.Study designRetrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years undergoing six major operations (N = 99 250).Data collectionOne-year mortality was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, 30-day readmission, and length of stay. The comorbidity score was developed in the derivation cohort (70 percent sample) using logistic regression model. The comorbidity score was calibrated and validated in the validation cohort (30 percent sample), and compared against the Charlson, Elixhauser, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hierarchical Condition Categories (CMS-HCC) comorbidity scores using c-statistic, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement.Principal findingsIn the validation cohort, the surgery-specific comorbidity score was well calibrated and performed better than the Charlson, Elixhauser, and CMS-HCC comorbidity scores for all outcomes; the performance was comparable to the CMS-HCC for 30-day readmission. For example, the surgery-specific comorbidity score (c-statistic = 0.792; 95% CI, 0.785-0.799) had greater discrimination than the Charlson (c-statistic = 0.747; 95% CI, 0.739-0.755), Elixhauser (c-statistic = 0.747; 95% CI, 0.735-0.755), or CMS-HCC (c-statistic = 0.755; 95% CI, 0.747-0.763) scores in predicting 1-year mortality. The net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement were greater for surgery-specific comorbidity score compared to the Charlson, Elixhauser, and CMS-HCC scores.ConclusionsCompared to commonly used comorbidity measures, a surgery-specific comorbidity score better predicted outcomes in the surgical population.
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