Association between DNA methylation in obesity-related genes and body mass index percentile in adolescents.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: He F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6375997 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Television (TV) viewing remain a popular forms of screen time for adolescents. Greater TV viewing is associated with a number of negative consequences for adolescent health. In a changing media landscape, it is important to understand adolescents' overall and commercial TV exposure, and how TV viewing is linked to health risks (e.g., obesity, food addiction, and phone addiction). The purpose of this study was to: 1) examine differences by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and parental education in overall TV and commercial TV viewing and 2) investigate whether adolescents who watch more overall TV and commercial TV programming were more likely to have a higher BMI percentile, more addictive eating, and more addictive phone use. A sample of 190 adolescents (13-16 years of age) completed Time-Use Diaries (TUDs) in 2015-2017. We found that girls had more overall weekday TV time than males. No other gender differences were detected for weekend TV time or commercial TV time. Higher BMI percentile was not correlated with greater overall or commercial TV viewing. However, we did identify a positive association between overall TV viewing and commercial TV viewing with addictive-eating and addictive phone use. This effect was mainly driven by boys. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate patterns of television viewing and addictive-like eating and addictive phone use. We conclude that adolescents, particularly boys, with higher TV viewing may be more likely to present with problems with addictive eating behavior and phone use. Our findings add to the research on the behavioral health correlates of TV viewing among adolescents.
| S-EPMC7855083 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In Mexico, the increase in childhood obesity is alarming. Thus, improving the precision of its diagnosis is expected to impact on disease prevention. We estimated obesity prevalence by bioimpedance-based percent body fat (%BF) and body mass index (BMI) in 1061 girls and 1121 boys, from 3 to 17 years old. Multiple regressions and area under receiver operating curves (AUC) were used to determine the predictive value of BMI on %BF and percentile curves were constructed. Overall obesity prevalence estimated by %BF was 43.7%, and by BMI it was 20.1%; it means that the diagnosis by BMI underestimated around 50% of children diagnosed with obesity by %BF (≥30% for girls, ≥25% for boys). The fat mass excess is further underestimated in boys than in girls when using the standard BMI classification. The relationship between %BF and BMI was strong in school children and adolescents (all cases R2>0.70), but not in preschool children (girls R2 = 0.57, boys R2 = 0.23). AUCs showed greater discriminative power of BMI to detect %BF obesity in school children and adolescents (all cases AUC≥0.90) than in preschool children (girls AUC = 0.86; boys AUC = 0.70). Growth percentile charts showed that girls aged 9-17 years and boys aged 8-17 years presented fat excess from the 50th percentile and above. We suggested to change the BMI cut-off for them, considering values at the 75th percentile as overweight, and values at the 85th percentile as obesity, as previously recommended for Mexican children. Improving obesity diagnosis will allow greater efficiency when searching for comorbidities in clinical practice.
| S-EPMC6388924 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDNA methylation is associated with body mass index (BMI), but it is not clear if methylation scores are biomarkers for extant BMI or predictive of future BMI. Here, we explore the causal nature and predictive utility of DNA methylation measured in peripheral blood with BMI and cardiometabolic traits.MethodsAnalyses were conducted across the life course using the ARIES cohort of mothers (n = 792) and children (n = 906), for whom DNA methylation and genetic profiles and BMI at multiple time points (3 in children at birth, in childhood and in adolescence; 2 in mothers during pregnancy and in middle age) were available. Genetic and DNA methylation scores for BMI were derived using published associations between BMI and DNA methylation and genotype. Causal relationships between methylation and BMI were assessed using Mendelian randomisation and cross-lagged models.ResultsThe DNA methylation scores in adult women explained 10% of extant BMI variance. However, less extant variance was explained by scores generated in the same women during pregnancy (2% BMI variance) and in older children (15-17 years; 3% BMI variance). Similarly, little extant variance was explained in younger children (at birth and at 7 years; 1% and 2%, respectively). These associations remained following adjustment for smoking exposure and education levels. The DNA methylation score was found to be a poor predictor of future BMI using linear and cross-lagged models, suggesting that DNA methylation variation does not cause later variation in BMI. However, there was some evidence to suggest that BMI is predictive of later DNA methylation. Mendelian randomisation analyses also support this direction of effect, although evidence is weak. Finally, we find that DNA methylation scores for BMI are associated with extant cardiometabolic traits independently of BMI and genetic score.ConclusionThe age-specific nature of DNA methylation associations with BMI, lack of causal relationship and limited predictive ability of future BMI indicate that DNA methylation is likely influenced by BMI and might more accurately be considered a biomarker of BMI and related outcomes rather than a predictor. Future epigenome-wide association studies may benefit from further examining associations between early DNA methylation and later health outcomes.
| S-EPMC7106582 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/purposePediatric obesity is an important public health concern, yet its effect on surgical outcomes is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if age and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile influences complications and hospital resource utilization following pediatric gastrointestinal surgeries.MethodsPatients aged ≥2 to <18years who underwent appendectomy or other gastrointestinal operations were identified in the 2012-2013 Pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets. Age- and gender-specific pediatric BMI percentiles were calculated. Patients who underwent appendectomy (n=9606) and those undergoing all other intestinal operations (n=2664) were evaluated as separate cohorts.ResultsIn the appendectomy cohort, frequency of any complication increased with BMI category (normal weight 4.5%, overweight 5.3%, obese 5.7%, morbidly obese 7.3%, overall 5.0%, p=0.014). In multivariate analysis, there was a quadratic association between BMI percentile and increased frequency of superficial incisional infection, unplanned tracheal intubation, and longer operative duration. In the intestinal surgery cohort, BMI percentile was not a predictor of any individual complication or any measure of hospital utilization.ConclusionsAge- and gender-specific BMI percentile was associated with increased risk of complications and longer operative duration in patients undergoing appendectomy but not other intestinal operations.
| S-EPMC5007147 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo identify distinct body mass index (BMI) percentile trajectories during early childhood and examine adiposity levels in childhood and early adulthood according to the BMI percentile trajectories.MethodsIowa Fluoride Study cohort parents (n = 1,093) reported their child's anthropometric data on average six times between ages 0 and 23 months. A subset of the cohort underwent DXA scans at approximately age 8 years (n = 495) and again at approximately age 19 years (n = 314). Group-based trajectory analysis was conducted to identify distinct BMI percentile trajectories from ages 0 to 23 months. Sex-specific age-adjusted linear regression analyses were conducted to compare fat mass index in childhood and early adulthood among subgroups that follow the distinct BMI percentile patterns.ResultsFour BMI percentile patterns were identified: consistently low (group 1: 9.8%), increase in the second year (group 2: 33.7%), increase in the first year (group 3: 23.9%), and consistently high (group 4: 32.6%). Compared with group 2 females, groups 3 and 4 females had higher fat mass index in childhood and early adulthood (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found in males.ConclusionsFemales who experience a steep increase of BMI percentile in the first year of life, as opposed to a steep increase in the second year of life, may have higher body fat later in life, but this was not found in males.
| S-EPMC5182145 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cancer incidence and mortality increase with increasing body mass index (BMI), but BMI-associated epigenetic alterations in cancer remain elusive. We hypothesized that BMI would be associated with DNA methylation alterations in cancers. To test this hypothesis, here, we estimated the associations between DNA methylation and BMI through two different methods across 15 cancer types, at approximately 485,000 CpG sites and 2415 samples using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. After comparing the DNA methylation levels in control BMI and high BMI individuals, we found differentially methylated CpG sites (DMSs) in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) (False Discovery Rate < 0.05). The DMSs of COAD or UCEC were enriched in several obesity-induced and cancer-related pathways. Next, when BMI was used as a continuous variable, we identified BMI-associated methylated CpG sites (BMS) (P (Bonferroni) < 0.05) in CHOL (BMS = 1), COAD (BMS = 1), and UCEC (BMS = 4) using multivariable linear regression. In UCEC, three of the BMSs can predict the clinical outcomes and survival of patients with the tumors. Overall, we observed associations between DNA methylation and high BMI in CHOL, COAD, and UCEC. Furthermore, three BMI-associated CpGs were identified as potential biomarkers for UCEC prognosis.
| S-EPMC6036895 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Levying excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) distributors, which are subsequently passed on to consumers, is a policy implemented to reduce the high prevalence of cardiometabolic disease and generate public health funding. Taxes are associated with lower SSB purchases and consumption, but it is unknown whether they are associated with weight-related outcomes in youth. To determine the association of SSB excise taxes with youth body mass index (BMI) trajectories. This cohort study was conducted from 2009 to 2020, including 6 years before tax implementation and 4 to 6 years after tax implementation. The California cities of Albany, Berkeley, Oakland, and San Francisco, which implemented SSB excise taxes, were compared against 40 demographically matched control cities in California. Participants included Kaiser Permanente members aged 2 to 19 years at cohort entry (baseline) with continuous residence in selected cities with at least 1 pretax and 1 posttax BMI recorded in their electronic health record. Data analysis was performed from January 2021 to May 2023. Implementation of SSB excise taxes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention age-specific and sex-specific BMI percentiles and percentage of youth with overweight or obesity before tax implementation through 4 to 6 years after implementation were compared with control cities. Statistical analysis was conducted using the difference-in-differences (DID) method. A sensitivity analysis used the synthetic control method. A total of 44 771 youth (mean [SD] age at baseline, 6.4 [4.2] years; 22 337 female [49.9%]) resided in the cities with SSB taxes; 345 428 youth (mean [SD] age, 6.9 [4.2] years; 171 0168 female [49.5%]) resided in control cities. There was a -1.64-percentage point (95% CI, -3.10 to -0.17 percentage points) overall difference in the mean change of BMI percentile between exposure and control cities after SSB tax implementation. There was no significant overall difference in the percentage of youth with overweight or obesity or youth with obesity compared with control cities. All DID estimates were significant for youth residing in exposure cities in terms of BMI percentile (age 2-5 years in 2017, -2.06 percentage points [95% CI, -4.04 to -0.09 percentage points]; age 6-11 years in 2017, -2.79 percentage points [95% CI, -4.29 to -1.30 percentage points]), percentages of youth with overweight or obesity (age 2-5 years, -5.46 percentage points [95% CI, -8.47 to -2.44 percentage points]; age 6-11 years, -4.23 percentage points [95% CI, -6.90 to -1.57 percentage points]), and percentages of youth with obesity (age 2-5 years; -1.87 percentage points [95% CI, -3.36 to -0.38 percentage points]; age 6-11 years, -1.85 percentage points [95% CI, -3.46 to -0.24 percentage points]). Compared with control cities, changes in mean BMI percentiles were significant for male (-1.98 percentage points; 95% CI, -3.48 to -0.48 percentage points), Asian (-1.63 percentage points; 95% CI, -3.10 to -0.16 percentage points), and White (-2.58 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.11 to -1.10 percentage points) youth. Compared with control cities, White youth in exposure cities had improvements in the percentage with overweight or obesity (-3.73 percentage points; 95% CI, -6.11 to -1.35 percentage points) and the percentage with obesity (-2.78 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.18 to -1.37 percentage points). In this cohort study, SSB excise taxes were associated with lower BMI percentile among youth. Policymakers should consider implementing SSB excise taxes to prevent or reduce youth overweight and obesity and, ultimately, chronic disease, particularly among children younger than 12 years.
| S-EPMC11292449 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Obesity-associated differences in hedonic hunger, while consistently reported, have not been adequately quantified, with most studies failing to demonstrate strong correlations between Body Mass Index (BMI) and hedonic hunger indicators. Here, we quantified and assessed the nature of the relationship between hedonic hunger and BMI, in a cross-sectional study using the Portuguese version of the PFS (P-PFS) to measure hedonic hunger. Data were collected from 1266 participants belonging to non-clinical, clinical (candidates for weight-loss surgery) and population samples. Across samples, significant but weak positive associations were found between P-PFS scores and BMI, in adjusted linear regression models. However, in logistic regression models of data from the clinical and non-clinical samples, the P-PFS Food Available domain score was significantly and robustly associated with belonging to the clinical sample (OR?=?1.8, 95%CI: 1.2-2.8; p?=?0.008), while in the population sample it was associated to being obese (OR?=?2.1, 95%CI: 1.6-2.7; p?<?0.001). Thus, hedonic hunger levels are associated with obesity status with the odds of being obese approximately doubling for each unit increase in the P-PFS Food Available score.
| S-EPMC5895788 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RATIONALE:Previous EWASs (Epigenome-Wide Association Studies) suggest that obesity may be the cause, not a consequence, of changes in DNA methylation (DNAm). However, longitudinal observations are lacking. OBJECTIVE:To identify 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' in DNA (CpG) sites associated with body mass index (BMI) and examine the temporal relationship between dynamic changes in DNAm and BMI in a longitudinal cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS:Race-specific EWASs were performed in 995 whites and 490 blacks from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Suggestive CpG sites were further replicated in 252 whites and 228 blacks from the Georgia Stress and Heart Study. Cross-lagged panel analysis was used to examine the temporal relationship between DNAm and BMI in 439 whites and 201 blacks who were examined twice 6.2 years apart. In discovery and replication samples, 349 CpG sites (266 novel) in whites and 36 (21 novel) in blacks were identified to be robustly associated with BMI, with 8 (1 novel) CpG sites overlapping between the 2 races. Cross-lagged panel analyses showed significant unidirectional paths (PFDR <0.05) from baseline BMI to follow-up DNAm at 18 CpG sites in whites and 7 in blacks; no CpG sites showed significant paths from DNAm at baseline to BMI at follow-up. Baseline BMI was associated with a DNAm score (calculated from DNAm levels at the associated CpG sites) at follow-up (P<0.001 both in blacks and in whites). CONCLUSIONS:The findings provide strong evidence that obesity is the cause, not a consequence, of changes in DNAm over time.
| S-EPMC6786955 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOverweight or obesity (OWO) in school-age childhood tends to persist into adulthood. This study aims to address a critical need for early identification of children at high risk of developing OWO by defining and analyzing longitudinal trajectories of body mass index percentile (BMIPCT) during early developmental windows.MethodsWe included 3029 children from the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC) with repeated BMI measurements from birth to age 18 years. We applied locally weighted scatterplot smoothing with a time-limit scheme and predefined rules for imputation of missing data. We then used time-series K-means cluster analysis and latent class growth analysis to define longitudinal trajectories of BMIPCT from infancy up to age 18 years. Then, we investigated early life determinants of the BMI trajectories. Finally, we compared whether using early BMIPCT trajectories performs better than BMIPCT at a given age for predicting future risk of OWO.ResultsAfter imputation, the percentage of missing data ratio decreased from 36.0% to 10.1%. We identified four BMIPCT longitudinal trajectories: early onset OWO; late onset OWO; normal stable; and low stable. Maternal OWO, smoking, and preterm birth were identified as important determinants of the two OWO trajectories. Our predictive models showed that BMIPCT trajectories in early childhood (birth to age 1 or 2 years) were more predictive of childhood OWO (age 5-10 years) than a single BMIPCT at age 1 or 2 years.ConclusionsUsing longitudinal BMIPCT data from birth to age 18 years, this study identified distinct BMIPCT trajectories, examined early life determinants of these trajectories, and demonstrated their advantages in predicting childhood risk of OWO over BMIPCT at a single time point.
| S-EPMC10513013 | biostudies-literature