The State of Asthma Research: Considerable Advances, but Still a Long Way to Go.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Martinez FD
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6376619 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC7328323 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere is a paucity of research involving older autistic people, as highlighted in a number of systematic reviews. However, it is less clear whether this is changing, and what the trends might be in research on autism in later life.MethodsWe conducted a broad review of the literature by examining the number of results from a search in three databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO) across four age groups: childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and older age. We also examined the abstracts of all the included articles for the older age group and categorized them under broad themes.ResultsOur database search identified 145 unique articles on autism in older age, with an additional 67 found by the authors (hence, the total number of articles in this review is 212). Since 2012, we found a 392% increase in research with older autistic people, versus 196% increase for childhood/early life, 253% for adolescence, and 264% for adult research. We identify 2012 as a point at which, year-on-year, older age autism research started increasing, with the most commonly researched areas being cognition, the brain, and genetics. However, older adult research only accounted for 0.4% of published autism studies over the past decade.ConclusionsThis increase reflects a positive change in the research landscape, although research with children continues to dominate. We also note the difficulty of identifying papers relevant to older age autism research, and propose that a new keyword could be created to increase the visibility and accessibility of research in this steadily growing area.
| S-EPMC9645679 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7724172 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6503243 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common valvular heart disease and has often been associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). This underlines the pressing need for the establishment of consistent tools for arrhythmic risk prediction.Case summaryA 73-year-old man with previous diagnosis of MVP was referred to the cardiology outpatient consult for a 1-month history of near-syncope and light-headedness. He had no family history of SCD. Physical examination was unremarkable. Holter monitoring recorded frequent and multiple long episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with controlled ventricular response. Echocardiogram revealed mitral bileaflet billowing, systolic curling, and annular disjunction, as well as increased peak systolic strain dispersion with two-dimensional speckle tracking. Cardiac magnetic resonance disclosed additional tricuspid annular dilatation and disjunction, as non-ischaemic late gadolinium enhancement on the left ventricular basal inferolateral wall. The Heart Team decided to implant a defibrillator as primary prevention for SCD due to arrhythmogenic mitral valve disease (AMVD) with high-risk features. The patient remained asymptomatic over the next 2 years, when he suffered an appropriate shock due to VT at 200 b.p.m.DiscussionHere, we present a case of a patient with AMVD with classic features of high arrhythmic risk but also with some unusual characteristics such as older age, male gender, and only little pronounced mitral valve billowing, emphasizing the wide heterogeneity and lack of knowledge surrounding this entity.
| S-EPMC9575184 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that spread throughout the American continent in 2015 causing considerable worldwide social and health alarm due to its association with ocular lesions and microcephaly in newborns, and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases in adults. Nowadays, no licensed vaccines or antivirals are available against ZIKV, and thus, in this very short time, the scientific community has conducted enormous efforts to develop vaccines and antivirals. So that, different platforms (purified inactivated and live attenuated viruses, DNA and RNA nucleic acid based candidates, virus-like particles, subunit elements, and recombinant viruses) have been evaluated as vaccine candidates. Overall, these vaccines have shown the induction of vigorous humoral and cellular responses, the decrease of viremia and viral RNA levels in natural target organs, the prevention of vertical and sexual transmission, as well as that of ZIKV-associated malformations, and the protection of experimental animal models. Some of these vaccine candidates have already been assayed in clinical trials. Likewise, the search for antivirals have also been the focus of recent investigations, with dozens of compounds tested in cell culture and a few in animal models. Both direct acting antivirals (DAAs), directed to viral structural proteins and enzymes, and host acting antivirals (HAAs), directed to cellular factors affecting all steps of the viral life cycle (binding, entry, fusion, transcription, translation, replication, maturation, and egress), have been evaluated. It is expected that this huge collaborative effort will produce affordable and effective therapeutic and prophylactic tools to combat ZIKV and other related still unknown or nowadays neglected flaviviruses. Here, a comprehensive overview of the advances made in the development of therapeutic measures against ZIKV and the questions that still have to be faced are summarized.
| S-EPMC6789873 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an arrhythmogenic disorder which was first described in 1992. This disease is a channelopathy characterized by ST-segment elevations in the right precordial leads and is susceptible to sudden death. BrS is a fatal disease with gender and age preferences. It occurs mainly in young male subjects with a structurally normal heart and silently progresses to sudden death with no significant symptoms. The prevalence of BrS has been reported in the ranges of 5-20 per 10 000 people. The disease is more prevalent in Asia. Nowadays, numerous variations in 23 genes have been linked to BrS since the first gene SCN5A has been associated with BrS in 1998. Not only can clinical specialists apply these discoveries in risk assessment, diagnosis and personal medicine, but also forensic pathologists can make full use of these variations to conduct death cause identification. However, despite the progress in genetics, these associated genes can only account for approximately 35% of the BrS cases while the etiology of the remaining BrS cases is still unexplained. In this review, we discussed the prevalence, the genes associated with BrS and the application of molecular autopsy in forensic pathology. We also summarized the present obstacles, and provided a new insight into the genetic basis of BrS.
| S-EPMC6197104 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC3940320 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Obesity is a disease rather than a state, and metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is its most effective treatment. Body contouring surgery (BCS) is an integral part of the continuum of care following MBS, provided that the body mass index (BMI) has stabilized for an adequate period. This study is an attempt to capture the current status of BCS following MBS in Greece, based on data from one of the country's highest-volume hospitals. We recruited patients from the Bariatric and Plastic-Reconstructive Surgery registries who had undergone both MBS and BCS and invited them to answer a structured questionnaire with components on demographics, safety and effectiveness of previous operations, quality of life (QoL), body image, social activity, sexual activity, and doctor-patient communication. Twenty-four patients participated in the survey (response rate 88.1%). The mean BMI pre-MBS was 43.8 kg/m2 and that pre-BCS was 28.6 kg/m2. Based on the Bariatric sub-cohort, only 2.5% of post-bariatric patients underwent BCS. The mean interval between MBS and BCS was 2.9 years. The distribution of patients by MBS was as follows: sleeve gastrectomy 8 (33.3%), gastric band 7 (29.2%), gastric bypass 5 (20.8%), and gastric plication 2 (8.3%). The distribution of patients by BCS was as follows: abdominoplasty 23 (94.7%), breast contouring 8 (33.3%), thigh contouring 3 (12.5%), and arm contouring 5 (20.8%). Most positive components (70.6%) regarding QoL were appraised by >80% of the participants, indicating overall satisfaction after BCS. Conversely, only 12.5% of negative components were endorsed by >20% of patients. In conclusion, BCS has a low prevalence after MBS, although it is related to an improved quality of life and body image.
| S-EPMC10179396 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. About 185 million people are living with HCV, of which 80% are living in low and middle income countries. With the development of new highly effective treatments for HCV, it is considered that the eradication of HCV may only be one step away. The major problem with new treatment options is its high price. The price of sofosbuvir-based treatment for one patient in the United States is US$85000-110000, while the actual production cost of a 12 wk direct-acting antiviral regimen is less than US$250. Another major hindrance in HCV eradication is the lack of quality management of blood transfusion screens. Due to the lack of HCV screening, 75% of people in the United States with HCV infection are unaware of their positive HCV status. The control of massive HCV pandemic will require a significant financial investment, political will, and support from medical, pharmaceutical, and civil organizations around the globe.
| S-EPMC4649134 | biostudies-literature