Salivary uric acid: Associations with resting and reactive blood pressure response to social evaluative stress in healthy African Americans.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Woerner J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6379116 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Salivary uric acid: Associations with resting and reactive blood pressure response to social evaluative stress in healthy African Americans.
Woerner Jacqueline J Lucas Todd T Pierce Jennifer J Riis Jenna L JL Granger Douglas A DA
Psychoneuroendocrinology 20181026
High levels of uric acid are associated with greater risk of stress-related cardiovascular illnesses that occur disproportionately among African Americans. Whether hyperuricemia affects biological response to acute stress remains largely unknown, suggesting a need to clarify this potential connection. The current study examined how salivary uric acid (sUA) is associated with resting and reactive blood pressure - two robust predictors of hypertension and related cardiovascular disease and dispari ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundUric acid is the primary byproduct of purine metabolism. Hyperuricemia is associated with body mass index (BMI), sex, and multiple complex diseases including gout, hypertension (HTN), renal disease, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry (EA) have reported associations between serum uric acid levels (SUAL) and specific genomic loci. The purposes of this study were: 1) to replicate major signals reported in EA populations; and 2) to use the weak LD pattern in African ancestry population to better localize (fine-map) reported loci and 3) to explore the identification of novel findings cognizant of the moderate sample size.MethodsAfrican American (AA) participants (n = 1,017) from the Howard University Family Study were included in this study. Genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix® Genome-wide Human SNP Array 6.0. Imputation was performed using MACH and the HapMap reference panels for CEU and YRI. A total of 2,400,542 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed for association with serum uric acid under the additive genetic model with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, glomerular filtration rate, HTN, T2D, and the top two principal components identified in the assessment of admixture and population stratification.ResultsFour variants in the gene SLC2A9 achieved genome-wide significance for association with SUAL (p-values ranging from 8.88 × 10(-9) to 1.38 × 10(-9)). Fine-mapping of the SLC2A9 signals identified a 263 kb interval of linkage disequilibrium in the HapMap CEU sample. This interval was reduced to 37 kb in our AA and the HapMap YRI samples.ConclusionsThe most strongly associated locus for SUAL in EA populations was also the most strongly associated locus in this AA sample. This finding provides evidence for the role of SLC2A9 in uric acid metabolism across human populations. Additionally, our findings demonstrate the utility of following-up EA populations GWAS signals in African-ancestry populations with weaker linkage disequilibrium.
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Project description:To examine associations between specific inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive function in African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs) with prevalent vascular risk factors.Cross-sectional analysis using generalized estimating equations to account for familial clustering; standardized ?-coefficients, adjusted for age, sex, and education are reported.Community cohort study in Jackson, Mississippi, and Rochester, Minnesota.Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA)-Genetics of Microangiopathic Brain Injury (GMBI) Study participants.Associations between inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 and 2 (sTNFR1, sTNFR2)) and cognitive function (global, processing speed, language, memory, and executive function) were examined in AAs and EAs (N = 1,965; aged 26-95, 64% women, 52% AA, 75% with hypertension).In AAs, higher sTNFR2 was associated with poorer cognition in all domains (global: -0.11, P = .009; processing speed: -0.11, P < .001; language: -0.08, P = .002; memory: -0.09, P = .008; executive function: -0.07, P = .03); sTNFR1 was associated with slower processing speed (-0.08, P < .001) and poorer executive function (-0.08, P = .008); higher CRP was associated with slower processing speed (-0.04, P = .024), and higher IL6 was associated with poorer executive function (-0.07, P = .02). In EA, only higher sTNFR1 was associated with slower processing speed (-0.05, P = .007). Associations were not found between cognition and sTNFR2, CRP, or IL6 in EA.In a population with high vascular risk, adverse associations between inflammation and cognitive function were especially apparent in AAs, primarily involving markers of TNF? activity.
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Project description:ObjectiveNumerous studies have found evidence of a link between perceived discrimination and unhealthy behavior, especially substance use. Within this body of literature, however, several studies have found unexpected evidence of a positive relation between perceived racial discrimination among African Americans-mostly women-and certain types of healthy behavior, primarily exercise and healthy eating. The current study further examined this positive relation, including an anticipated moderator: optimism. It also examined the relation between perceived racial discrimination and a correlate of unhealthy behavior: BMI.MethodSix waves of data were collected over 14 years in three related samples of African Americans from families participating in the Family and Community Health Study. Each family included an adolescent (Mage = 10.5 at Wave 1), the adolescent's primary caregiver (Mage = 37), and, in some cases, an older sibling of that adolescent (Mage = 13). Wave 1 Ns were 889, 889, and 295, respectively. Healthy behavior was defined as diet and exercise.ResultsThere was very little evidence of a long-term relation between perceived racial discrimination and BMI in any sample, and no evidence of a relation between discrimination and healthy behavior among the males. However, correlational analyses revealed a positive prospective relation between discrimination and healthy behavior among all three groups of females; structural equation modeling indicated that this relation was stronger among women who were high in optimism.ConclusionsPerceived racial discrimination does not appear to be related to BMI among African Americans, but it is related to healthy behavior among Black females who are high in dispositional optimism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Project description:The purpose of this study was to test the association between a self-report measure of 24-hour adherence to antihypertensive medication and blood pressure (BP) among African Americans. The primary analysis included 3558 Jackson Heart Study participants taking antihypertensive medication who had adherence data for at least one study examination. Nonadherence was defined by self-report of not taking one or more prescribed antihypertensive medications, identified during pill bottle review, in the past 24 hours. Nonadherence and clinic BP were assessed at Exam 1 (2000-2004), Exam 2 (2005-2008), and Exam 3 (2009-2013). Associations of nonadherence with clinic BP and uncontrolled BP (systolic BP ? 140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ? 90 mm Hg) were evaluated using unadjusted and adjusted linear and Poisson repeated measures regression models. The prevalence of nonadherence to antihypertensive medications was 25.4% at Exam 1, 28.7% at Exam 2, and 28.5% at Exam 3. Nonadherence was associated with higher systolic BP (3.38 mm Hg) and diastolic BP (1.47 mm Hg) in fully adjusted repeated measures analysis. Nonadherence was also associated with uncontrolled BP (prevalence ratio = 1.26; 95% confidence interval = 1.16-1.37). This new self-report measure may be useful for identifying nonadherence to antihypertensive medication in future epidemiologic studies.
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| S-EPMC5946866 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The incidence of pre-diabetes (PD) and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is a worldwide epidemic. African American (AA) individuals are disproportionately more likely to become diabetic than other ethnic groups. Over the long-term, metabolic complications related to diabetes result in significant alterations in growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Considering the limited exercise-related studies in the area of gene expression changes with disease progression, the objective of this study was to examine differences in exercise-induced gene expression related to the GH and IGF-1 pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy (CON) and PD AA individuals. Design: Ten subjects [5 PD (age=35±9.3 yr, BMI=32.1±4.0, FBG=101.8±1.3 mg/dl) and 5 CON (age=31±9.4 yr, BMI=29.4±5.2, FBG=82.8±9.7 mg/dl)] had blood drawn for RNA isolation prior to exercise (Pre), immediately following acute moderate intensity exercise on a treadmill (Post-1), 6-hours post (Post-6), and 24-hours post (Post-24). Isolation of mRNA from PBMCs was performed using ficoll separation, while the profiling of mRNA expression was performed using beadchip arrays that were scanned and analyzed by a gene expression module. Scan results were statistically analyzed for a specific list of genes related to GH and IGF-1. GH and IGF-1 protein levels were also assessed in each sample. To address issues of normality, all GH and IGF-1 data were log-transformed prior to analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Group differences for GH2 variant 2 (p=0.070) and GH2 variant 3 (p=0.059) were coupled with significant alterations in IGF-1 mRNA over time (p=0.024). A significant interaction between group and time was observed for GHRH mRNA (p=0.008). No group differences were observed in GH AUC (p=0.649), ∆GH (p=0.331), GHrec (p=0.294), or IGF-1 AUC (p=0.865), representing a similar exercise-induced GH and IGF-1 response for both groups. Conclusions: Analysis of GH and IGF-1 related-gene expression indicates that mild elevations in fasting blood glucose and exercise-induced alterations in gene expression are impacted by the prediabetic state.
2017-07-27 | GSE101931 | GEO