Dataset Information

Genomic analyses of an extensive collection of wild and cultivated accessions provide new insights into peach breeding history.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Human selection has a long history of transforming crop genomes. Peach (Prunus persica) has undergone more than 5000?years of domestication that led to remarkable changes in a series of agronomically important traits, but genetic bases underlying these changes and the effects of artificial selection on genomic diversity are not well understood. RESULTS:Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of peach evolution based on genome sequences of 480 wild and cultivated accessions. By focusing on a set of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), we provide evidence supporting that distinct phases of domestication and improvement have led to an increase in fruit size and taste and extended its geographic distribution. Fruit size was predominantly selected during domestication, and selection for large fruits has led to the loss of genetic diversity in several fruit weight QTLs. In contrast, fruit taste-related QTLs were successively selected for by domestication and improvement, with more QTLs selected for during improvement. Genome-wide association studies of 11 agronomic traits suggest a set of candidate genes controlling these traits and potential markers for molecular breeding. Candidate loci for genes that contributed to the adaption to low-chill regions were identified. Furthermore, the genomic bases of divergent selection for fruit texture and local breeding for different flavors between Asian and European/North American cultivars were also determined. CONCLUSIONS:Our results elucidate the genetic basis of peach evolution and provide new resources for future genomics-guided peach breeding.

SUBMITTER: Li Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6383288 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genomic analyses of an extensive collection of wild and cultivated accessions provide new insights into peach breeding history.

Li Yong Y Cao Ke K Zhu Gengrui G Fang Weichao W Chen Changwen C Wang Xinwei X Zhao Pei P Guo Jian J Ding Tiyu T Guan Liping L Zhang Qian Q Guo Wenwu W Fei Zhangjun Z Wang Lirong L

Genome biology 20190221 1

<h4>Background</h4>Human selection has a long history of transforming crop genomes. Peach (Prunus persica) has undergone more than 5000 years of domestication that led to remarkable changes in a series of agronomically important traits, but genetic bases underlying these changes and the effects of artificial selection on genomic diversity are not well understood.<h4>Results</h4>Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of peach evolution based on genome sequences of 480 wild and cultivated access ...[more]

PMID: 30791928

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Project description:BackgroundDomestication modifies the genomic variation of species. Quantifying this variation provides insights into the domestication process, facilitates the management of resources used by breeders and germplasm centers, and enables the design of experiments to associate traits with genes. We described and analyzed the genetic diversity of 1,008 tomato accessions including Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum (SLL), S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (SLC), and S. pimpinellifolium (SP) that were genotyped using 7,720 SNPs. Additionally, we explored the allelic frequency of six loci affecting fruit weight and shape to infer patterns of selection.ResultsOur results revealed a pattern of variation that strongly supported a two-step domestication process, occasional hybridization in the wild, and differentiation through human selection. These interpretations were consistent with the observed allele frequencies for the six loci affecting fruit weight and shape. Fruit weight was strongly selected in SLC in the Andean region of Ecuador and Northern Peru prior to the domestication of tomato in Mesoamerica. Alleles affecting fruit shape were differentially selected among SLL genetic subgroups. Our results also clarified the biological status of SLC. True SLC was phylogenetically positioned between SP and SLL and its fruit morphology was diverse. SLC and "cherry tomato" are not synonymous terms. The morphologically-based term "cherry tomato" included some SLC, contemporary varieties, as well as many admixtures between SP and SLL. Contemporary SLL showed a moderate increase in nucleotide diversity, when compared with vintage groups.ConclusionsThis study presents a broad and detailed representation of the genomic variation in tomato. Tomato domestication seems to have followed a two step-process; a first domestication in South America and a second step in Mesoamerica. The distribution of fruit weight and shape alleles supports that domestication of SLC occurred in the Andean region. Our results also clarify the biological status of SLC as true phylogenetic group within tomato. We detect Ecuadorian and Peruvian accessions that may represent a pool of unexplored variation that could be of interest for crop improvement.

Project description:The rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] is the only plant species worldwide that is cultivated for the commercial production of natural rubber. This study describes the genetic diversity of the Hevea spp. complex that is available in the main ex situ collections of South America, including Amazonian populations that have never been previously described. Genetic data were analyzed to determine the genetic structure of the wild populations, quantify the allelic diversity and suggest the composition of a core collection to capture the maximum genetic diversity within a minimal sample size. A total of 1,117 accessions were genotyped with 13 microsatellite markers. We identified a total of 408 alleles, 319 of which were shared between groups and 89 that were private in different groups of accessions. In a population structure and principal component analysis, the level of clustering reflected a primary division into the following two subgroups: cluster 1, which consisted of varieties from the advanced breeding germplasm that originated from the Wickham and Mato Grosso accessions; and cluster 2, which consisted of the wild germplasm from the Acre, Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia populations and Hevea spp. The analyses revealed a high frequency of gene flow between the groups, with the genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) estimated to be 0.018. Additionally, no distinct separation among the H. brasiliensis accessions and the other species from Amazonas was observed. A core collection of 99 accessions was identified that captured the maximum genetic diversity. Rubber tree breeders can effectively utilize this core collection for cultivar improvement. Furthermore, such a core collection could provide resources for forming an association panel to evaluate traits with agronomic and commercial importance. Our study generated a molecular database that should facilitate the management of the Hevea germplasm and its use for subsequent genetic and genomic breeding.

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Project description:Intensive breeding of cultivated lentil has resulted in a relatively narrow genetic base, which limits the options to increase crop productivity through selection. Assessment of genetic diversity in the wild gene pool of lentil, as well as characterization of useful and novel alleles/genes that can be introgressed into elite germplasm, presents new opportunities and pathways for germplasm enhancement, followed by successful crop improvement. In the current study, a lentil collection consisting of 467 wild and cultivated accessions that originated from 10 diverse geographical regions was assessed, to understand genetic relationships among different lentil species/subspecies. A total of 422,101 high-confidence SNP markers were identified against the reference lentil genome (cv. CDC Redberry). Phylogenetic analysis clustered the germplasm collection into four groups, namely, Lens culinaris/Lens orientalis, Lens lamottei/Lens odemensis, Lens ervoides, and Lens nigricans. A weak correlation was observed between geographical origin and genetic relationship, except for some accessions of L. culinaris and L. ervoides. Genetic distance matrices revealed a comparable level of variation within the gene pools of L. culinaris (Nei's coefficient 0.01468-0.71163), L. ervoides (Nei's coefficient 0.01807-0.71877), and L. nigricans (Nei's coefficient 0.02188-1.2219). In order to understand any genic differences at species/subspecies level, allele frequencies were calculated from a subset of 263 lentil accessions. Among all cultivated and wild lentil species, L. nigricans exhibited the greatest allelic differentiation across the genome compared to all other species/subspecies. Major differences were observed on six genomic regions with the largest being on Chromosome 1 (c. 1 Mbp). These results indicate that L. nigricans is the most distantly related to L. culinaris and additional structural variations are likely to be identified from genome sequencing studies. This would provide further insights into evolutionary relationships between cultivated and wild lentil germplasm, for germplasm improvement and introgression.

Dataset Information

Genomic analyses of an extensive collection of wild and cultivated accessions provide new insights into peach breeding history.

Publications

Genomic analyses of an extensive collection of wild and cultivated accessions provide new insights into peach breeding history.

Similar Datasets

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