Dataset Information

Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes for yield, water use efficiency, and root traits.

ABSTRACT: Drought stress has been identified as the major environmental factor limiting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield worldwide. Current breeding efforts in soybean largely focus on identifying genotypes with high seed yield and drought tolerance. Water use efficiency (WUE) that results in greater yield per unit rainfall is an important parameter in determining crop yields in many production systems, and is often related with crop drought tolerance. Even though roots are major plant organs that perceive and respond to drought stress, their utility in improving soybean yield and WUE under different environmental and management conditions are largely unclear. The objectives of this research was to evaluate soybean cultivars and breeding and germplasm lines for yield, WUE, root penetrability of hardpan, and root morphology. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in South Carolina (southeastern United States) during the 2017 cropping season to test the genotypes for yield and root morphology under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Two independent controlled-environmental experiments were conducted to test the genotypes for WUE and root penetrability of synthetic hardpans. The slow wilting lines NTCPR94-5157 and N09-13890 had equal or greater yield than the checks- cultivar NC-Raleigh and the elite South Carolina breeding line SC07-1518RR, under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The high yielding genotypes NTCPR94-5157, N09-13890, and SC07-1518RR exhibited root parsimony (reduced root development). This supported the recent hypothesis in literature that root parsimony would have adaptational advantage to improve yield under high input field conditions. The high yielding genotypes NTCPR94-5157, N09-13890, NC-Raleigh, and SC07-1518RR and a cultivar Boggs (intermediate in yield) possessed high WUE and had increased root penetrability of hardpans. These genotypes offer useful genetic materials for soybean breeding programs for improving yield, drought tolerance, and/or hardpan penetrability.

SUBMITTER: Fried HG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6386299 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes for yield, water use efficiency, and root traits.

Fried Harrison Gregory HG Narayanan Sruthi S Fallen Benjamin B

PloS one 20190222 2

Drought stress has been identified as the major environmental factor limiting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield worldwide. Current breeding efforts in soybean largely focus on identifying genotypes with high seed yield and drought tolerance. Water use efficiency (WUE) that results in greater yield per unit rainfall is an important parameter in determining crop yields in many production systems, and is often related with crop drought tolerance. Even though roots are major plant organs that p ...[more]

PMID: 30794664

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Project description:Typical small-pot culture systems are not ideal for controlled environment phenotyping for drought tolerance, especially for root-related traits. We grew soybean plants in a greenhouse in 1-m rooting columns filled with amended field soil to test the effects of drought stress on water use, root growth, shoot growth, and yield components. There were three watering treatments, beginning at first flower: watered daily to 100% of the maximum soil water holding capacity (control), 75% (mild drought stress), or 50% (drought stress). We also tested whether applying fertilizer throughout the 1-m soil depth instead of only in the top 30 cm would modify root distribution by depth in the soil profile and thereby affect responses to drought stress. Distributing the fertilizer over the entire 1-m soil depth altered the root biomass distribution and volumetric soil water content profile at first flower, but these effects did not persist to maturity and thus did not enhance drought tolerance. Compared to the control (100%) watering treatment, the 50% watering treatment significantly reduced seed yield by 40%, pod number by 42%, seeds per pod by 3%, shoot dry matter by 48%, root dry matter by 53%, and water use by 52%. Effects of the 75% watering treatment were intermittent between the 50 and 100%. The 50% treatment significantly increased root-to-shoot dry matter ratio by 23%, harvest index by 17%, and water-use efficiency by 7%. Seed size was not affected by either fertilizer or watering treatments. More than 65% of the total root dry matter was distributed in the upper 20 cm of the profile in all watering treatments. However, the two drought stress treatments, especially the mild drought stress, had a greater proportion of root dry matter located in the deeper soil layers. The overall coefficient of variation for seed yield was low at 5.3%, suggesting good repeatability of the treatments. Drought stress imposed in this culture system affected yield components similarly to what is observed in the field, with pod number being the component most strongly affected. This system should be useful for identifying variation among soybean lines for a wide variety of traits related to drought tolerance.

Project description:Drought stress significantly limits soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields in Ontario, Canada. Many studies of genetic variation for drought tolerance compare commercial lines with exotic, unadapted germplasm. We hypothesized that even current commercial cultivars adapted to Ontario would differ significantly for traits related to drought tolerance. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew fifteen soybean cultivars in field soil amended with sand in 1-m rooting columns, which allowed for simulation of field-like soil water profiles and rooting depths. Two watering treatments were imposed from the first flower until maturity by daily restoration of soil water to either 100% (control), or 50% (drought stress) of the maximum soil water holding capacity. Throughout the experiment, we measured volumetric soil water content at different depths in the soil profile, but found no evidence at any developmental stage that the cultivars differed for their ability to extract soil water from different depths. Drought stress reduced seed yield by 51% on average. Similar to the effects of drought in the field, pod number was the yield component most affected, with effects on seeds per pod and single-seed weight being comparatively minor. There were significant cultivar × treatment interactions for seed yield, pod number, shoot dry matter, and water use. We identified two drought-sensitive (Saska and OAC Drayton) and three drought-tolerant (OAC Lakeview, OAC Champion, and PRO 2715R) cultivars based on their ratios of seed yield under drought stress to seed yield under control conditions (seed yield ratio, SYR). Regression and principal component analyses revealed that drought-tolerant (high-SYR) cultivars were consistently those that maintained relatively high values for water use, biomass accumulation and pod number under drought stress; high water use efficiency under drought stress was also associated with a high SYR. One of the cultivars, OAC Lakeview, displayed a distinct mode of drought tolerance, maintaining a very high fraction of its control pod number under drought stress. This study helps define the physiological basis of soybean cultivar differences in drought tolerance, and provides direction for soybean breeders to select traits that could improve yield under drought stress.

Project description:Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is one of the most significant crops in the world in terms of oil and protein. Owing to the rising demand for soybean products, there is an increasing need for improved varieties for more productive farming. However, complex correlation patterns among quantitative traits along with genetic interactions pose a challenge for soybean breeding. Association studies play an important role in the identification of accession with useful alleles by locating genomic sites associated with the phenotype in germplasm collections. In the present study, a genome-wide association study was carried out for seven agronomic and yield-related traits. A field experiment was conducted in 2015/2016 at two locations that include 155 diverse soybean germplasm. These germplasms were genotyped using SoySNP50K Illumina Infinium Bead-Chip. A total of 51 markers were identified for node number, plant height, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, hundred-grain weight, and total yield using a multi-locus linear mixed model (MLMM) in FarmCPU. Among these significant SNPs, 18 were putative novel QTNs, while 33 co-localized with previously reported QTLs. A total of 2,356 genes were found in 250 kb upstream and downstream of significant SNPs, of which 17 genes were functional and the rest were hypothetical proteins. These 17 candidate genes were located in the region of 14 QTNs, of which ss715580365, ss715608427, ss715632502, and ss715620131 are novel QTNs for PH, PPP, SDPP, and TY respectively. Four candidate genes, Glyma.01g199200, Glyma.10g065700, Glyma.18g297900, and Glyma.14g009900, were identified in the vicinity of these novel QTNs, which encode lsd one like 1, Ergosterol biosynthesis ERG4/ERG24 family, HEAT repeat-containing protein, and RbcX2, respectively. Although further experimental validation of these candidate genes is required, several appear to be involved in growth and developmental processes related to the respective agronomic traits when compared with their homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana. This study supports the usefulness of association studies and provides valuable data for functional markers and investigating candidate genes within a diverse germplasm collection in future breeding programs.

Dataset Information

Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes for yield, water use efficiency, and root traits.

Publications

Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes for yield, water use efficiency, and root traits.

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