Genome Sequences of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses of Serotype O Lineages Mya-98 and Ind-2001d Isolated from Cattle and Buffalo in Myanmar.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Maung WY
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6386576 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:We report the whole-genome sequence of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) O/MOG/BU/2-7/2015 isolated in Mongolia in 2015. This virus is closely related to isolates identified in Southeast Asia in 2015 and is classified under the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d lineage. This is the first detection of an FMDV of this lineage in Mongolia.
| S-EPMC5679809 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In 2015, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus lineage Ind-2001 was detected for the first time in Southeast Asia. This report contains the first near-complete genome sequence of a viral isolate from this lineage collected from an outbreak in Vietnam. This novel incursion has substantial implications for regional FMD control measures.
| S-EPMC5477183 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious disease leads to economically loss in livestock production all over the world. This serious disease is caused due to the infection of the animal with a single-stranded RNA virus (FMDV). This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of BoLA-DRB3 gene in Egyptian buffalo as a candidate genetic marker included in multi-factorial process of FMD resistance/susceptibility. Also this work aimed to genetically characterization and serotyping of circulating FMD virus in Egypt during 2016. For serotyping of FMDV, RT-PCR was used for FMDV-positive samples and the results declared the presence of serotype O in all tested animals. The sequence analysis of FMDV samples revealed five different patterns for the detected serotype O which were submitted to GenBank under the accession Nos.: MG017361-MG017365. The 302-bp amplified fragments from BoLA-DRB3 exon 2 were digested with HaeIII endonuclease and the results showed that the presence of five BoLA-DRB3 genotypes, among them the genotype AA might be associated with FMD-resistance (P?<?0.01). On the other hand, genotype AC could be correlated with susceptibility (P?<?0.01) to FMD in Egyptian buffaloes where it was absent in resistant group. The five detected genotypes of BoLA-DRB3 exon 2 were submitted to GenBank with the accession Nos.: MF977316-MF977320. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the detection of different BoLA-DRB3 genotypes may be has a promising role for raising the resistance of Egyptian buffalo against FMDV especially serotype O which is prevalent in Egypt with preferring genotype AA.
| S-EPMC6353717 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is highly endemic in Bangladesh. Using passive surveillance data (case records from all 64 districts of Bangladesh, 2014-2017) and district domestic ruminant population estimates, we calculated FMD cumulative incidence per 10,000 animals at risk per district, conducted cluster (Moran's spatial autocorrelation and scan statistics) and hotspot analysis (local indicator of spatial association statistic), created predictive maps and identified risk factors using a geographically weighted regression model. A total of 548,817 FMD cases in cattle and buffalo were reported during the four-year study period. The highest proportion (31.5%) of cases were reported during the post-monsoon season, and from Chattogram (29.2%) division. Five space-time clusters, 9 local clusters, and 14 hotspots were identified. Overall, higher cumulative incidences of FMD were consistently predicted in eastern parts of Bangladesh. The precipitation in the pre-monsoon season (p = 0.0008) was positively associated with FMD in Bangladesh. Results suggest climate plays an important role in the epidemiology of FMD in Bangladesh, and high risk zones exist. In a resource limited-setting, hotspots and clusters should be prioritized for vaccination coverage, and surveillance for FMD should be targeted in eastern areas of Bangladesh and during the post-monsoon season.
| S-EPMC7350371 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A severe foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic struck several Egyptian provinces recently, causing significant losses among animals even in vaccinated farms. This study indicated the existence of the newly emerging foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and first investigated its effect on the Egyptian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle calves in the Beheira province, north Egypt. Twenty tongue epithelial samples from diseased calves in five infected farms were randomly collected, prepared, and propagated using baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells. Whole genomic RNA was extracted from the cells of the third passage. A FMDV genome was detected and serotyped using one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs). Nucleotide sequencing of the purified serotype-specific PCR bands was performed, and a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 600 base pairs of VP1 was constructed. The results identified FMDV, serotype A in all infected samples, whereas the serotypes O and SAT2 were negative. The obtained 20 sequences were identical to each other and similar to the newly reported strain in Egypt that belongs to the Europe-South America (Euro-SA) topotype. The epidemiological and clinical parameters associated with such a strain were fully recorded by veterinarians and analyzed in a single infected farm including 70 cattle and buffalo calves. It caused higher peracute mortalities in buffalo (25.7%; 95% CI: 13-43) than in cattle (8.6%; 95% CI: 2-24) calves. Severe clinical signs such as dullness, hypothermia, bradycardia, and cardiac arrhythmia were common to both except in fatal cases, whereas hyperthermia and respiratory signs were prevalent in cattle calves. In conclusion, we first characterized the newly emerging FMDV in the calves of Beheira as more fatal and severe in buffalo than in cattle calves.
| S-EPMC10457878 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Humans live increasingly in the proximity of natural areas, leading to increased interactions between people, their livestock and wildlife.AimWe explored the role of these interactions in the risk of disease transmission (foot-and-mouth disease [FMD]) between cattle and the African buffalo (the maintenance host) and how a top predator, the lion, may modulate these interactions.LocationThe interface of Hwange National Park (HNP) and surrounding communal lands, Zimbabwe.MethodWe combined a longitudinal serological cattle survey for FMD, GPS-collar data and cattle owners' interviews during four seasons in 2010-2011.ResultsOverall FMD incidence in cattle was low, but showed a peak during the rainy season. The incidence dynamic was significantly explained by cattle incursion into the protected area (i.e., buffer zone of 3 km inside HNP) and not by contacts with buffalo or contacts among cattle. These results suggest that FMD virus either survives in the environment or is transmitted by other ungulate groups or species. The analysis of incursion frequency in the buffer suggests that (1) buffalo and cattle are avoiding each other up to 2 months after one species track and that (2) lions make frequent incursions in the buffer few days to few weeks after buffalo had used it, whereas buffalo did not use areas occupied by lions. Lions could thus reduce the spatio-temporal overlap between cattle and buffalo in the interface, which could contribute to the low level of FMD incidence.Main conclusionsDuring the rainy season, traditional herding practices push cattle away from growing crops near villages into the HNP but not during the dry season, suggesting that cattle owners may decide to rely on lower quality resources in the communal land in the dry season to avoid the risks of infection and/or predation in the HNP.This study highlights the complex dynamics that operates at human/livestock/wildlife interfaces.
| S-EPMC7163638 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease caused by FMD virus (FMDV) that threatens Egypt's livestock industry. FMDV causes severe economic losses in the livestock, with restriction of international trade from endemic regions. Surveillance for FMDV serotypes circulating in Egypt is urgently needed to assess the epidemiological situation in the country. FMD outbreaks reported in Egypt in between December 2016 and January-March 2017. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the FMDV serotypes responsible for the outbreaks and to collect information on the virus's morphopathological effects. Postmortem tissue and clinical samples (oral swabs, vesicular fluids from ruptured vesicles, and blood) were collected from recently deceased and infected animals. Pathological examination revealed classical FMD lesions as vesicular and erosive lesions on epithelial tissues with non-suppurative lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis. Phylogenetic and sequencing analyses demonstrated that FMDV serotype O, EA-3 topotype, VP1 is the prevalent serotype responsible for the pathological alterations and the high mortality in young calves, adult cattle, and water buffalo. The outcomes indicate continuous mutations in the circulating FMDV, which result in the occasional failure of vaccination. Based on these findings, extensive continuous monitoring and serotyping of the existing circulating FMDV isolates and regular vaccination with reevaluation of the currently used vaccine in Egypt are recommended to prevent the recurrence of such outbreaks.
| S-EPMC10566709 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O is the most common cause of FMD outbreaks in India and three of the six lineages that have been described are most frequently detected, namely Ind2001, PanAsia and PanAsia 2. We report the full capsid sequence of 21 serotype O viruses isolated from India between 2002 and 2012. All these viruses belong to the Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) topotype. The serological cross-reactivity of a bovine post-vaccination serum pool raised against the current Indian vaccine strain, O/IND/R2/75,was tested by virus neutralisation test with the 23 Indian field isolates, revealing a good match between the vaccine and the field isolates. The cross reactivity of the O/IND/R2/75 vaccine with 19 field isolates from other countries (mainly from Asia and Africa) revealed a good match to 79% of the viruses indicating that the vaccine strain is broadly cross-reactive and could be used to control FMD in other countries. Comparison of the capsid sequences of the serologically non-matching isolates with the vaccine strain sequence identified substitutions in neutralising antigenic sites 1 and 2, which could explain the observed serological differences.
| S-EPMC4315132 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In recent years, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O, topotype Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA), lineage Ind-2001d has spread from the Indian subcontinent to the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. In the current report, we describe the first detection of this lineage in Vietnam in May, 2015 in Đắk Nông province. Three subsequent outbreaks caused by genetically related viruses occurred between May-October, 2015 after which the virus was not detected in clinical outbreaks for at least 15 subsequent months. The observed outbreaks affected (in chronological order): cattle in Đắk Nông province, pigs in Đắk Lắk province and Đắk Nông province, and cattle in Ninh Thuận province. The clinical syndromes associated with these outbreaks were consistent with typical FMD in the affected species. Overall attack rate on affected premises was 0.85 in pigs and 0.93 in cattle over the course of the outbreak. Amongst 378 pigs at risk on affected premises, 85 pigs died during the outbreaks; there were no deaths among cattle. The manner in which FMDV/O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d was introduced into Vietnam remains undetermined; however, movement of live cattle is the suspected route. This incursion has substantial implications for epidemiology and control of FMD in Southeast Asia.
| S-EPMC5466432 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious viral infection of large ruminants. Despite the massive application of vaccines against FMDV, several outbreaks are still being reported in Africa and Asia. AIM:To perform molecular characterization of FMDV in an outbreak among a cattle herd Saudi Arabia in 2016. This herd had been vaccinated with a polyvalent FMDV vaccine. METHODS:To investigate this outbreak, we collected specimens from 77 animals showing typical clinical signs of FMDV. Specimens including sera, nasal swabs, and tissues (tongue, coronary bands, hooves, and hearts) were collected. We tested the collected cattle sera for the presence of FMDV antibodies with commercial ELISA kits. In addition, we tested the swabs for the presence of the most common FMDV strains (O, A, Asia-1 and SAT-2) with RT-PCR using serotype-specific oligonucleotides. RESULTS:Serology showed that 22% of the tested sera were positive. Molecular testing of the examined swabs confirmed that 24% of the tested animals were positive. Our sequencing analysis confirmed that the circulating strains of FMDV belonged to FMDV serotype O. The phylogenetic tree based on the FMDV-VP-1 gene revealed high nucleotide identity between the circulating strains and the Bangladesh strain (99%). These strains were distinct (shared 89% nucleotide identity) from the FMDV-O strains used for the preparation of the vaccine administered to the animals in this herd. Moreover, they had 7% nucleotide difference between the FMDV-O strains reported in Saudi Arabian in 2013. CONCLUSION:More in-depth molecular characterization of these FMDV strains is warranted.
| S-EPMC6831000 | biostudies-literature