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Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection: an update.


ABSTRACT: PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The present review describes recent advances in the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). RECENT FINDINGS:Higher than standard rifampicin doses (>10?mg/kg/day) are well tolerated and have improved sterilizing activity. Standard pyrazinamide doses may result in low drug exposures; modeling reveals that higher doses (>25?mg/kg/day) may be required to reach target levels, although safety is unknown. Four-month fluoroquinolone-containing regimens are not recommended in the 2017 World Health Organization DS-TB treatment guidelines. These guidelines also recommend fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapy over single drug formulations based on patient preference, though FDC is not associated with improved outcomes. Treatment for 6 months is recommended, with an emphasis on expanded antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage and monitoring for relapse among those not started on ART within 8 weeks of tuberculosis treatment. Directly observed therapy (DOT) is recommended over self-administered therapy, as is daily therapy over intermittent therapy - both are associated with better tuberculosis outcomes. SUMMARY:Current WHO tuberculosis treatment guidelines recommend 6 months of daily tuberculosis treatment for PLWH who have DS-TB, and timely ART initiation. Higher rifampin and pyrazinamide doses may enhance treatment effectiveness, but safety data are needed. DOT and FDC therapy are recommended.

SUBMITTER: Pettit AC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6389504 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection: an update.

Pettit April C AC   Shepherd Bryan E BE   Sterling Timothy R TR  

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS 20181101 6


<h4>Purpose of review</h4>The present review describes recent advances in the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH).<h4>Recent findings</h4>Higher than standard rifampicin doses (>10 mg/kg/day) are well tolerated and have improved sterilizing activity. Standard pyrazinamide doses may result in low drug exposures; modeling reveals that higher doses (>25 mg/kg/day) may be required to reach target levels, although safety is u  ...[more]

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