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Influence of obesity, parental history of diabetes, and genes in type 2 diabetes: A case-control study.

ABSTRACT: Obesity, parental history (PH) of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and genes play an important role in T2D development. However, the influence of each factor on T2D variability is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of obesity (body mass index [BMI], waist/hip ratio), PH, and 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2D on T2D variability in Mexico, comparing 1234 non-diabetic controls and 1219 diabetic patients. To replicate the data, a case-control (n?=?2904) and a cross-sectional (n?=?1901) study were also included. In a multivariate logistic regression model, all factors accounted for only 27.3% of T2D variability: SNPs (8.4%); PH (11.8%) and obesity (7.1%). These factors contributed more in men (33.2%) than in women (25%), specifically when the disease was diagnosed before the age of 46 (46.7% vs. 30%). Genes played a substantially more important role in men than in women (14.9% vs. 5.5%), while obesity and PH played a similar role in both genders. Genes and PH appeared to play a greater role than obesity in T2D. However, obesity contribution was calculated at the time of recruitment and may be underestimated in patients because the BMI decreased linearly with the number of years with the disease. The data suggest that sexual hormones may play important roles in genes that are associated with T2D.

SUBMITTER: Berumen J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6391418 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Influence of obesity, parental history of diabetes, and genes in type 2 diabetes: A case-control study.

Berumen Jaime J Orozco Lorena L Betancourt-Cravioto Miguel M Gallardo Héctor H Zulueta Mirella M Mendizabal Leire L Simon Laureano L Benuto Rosa Elba RE Ramírez-Campos Elisa E Marin Melissa M Juárez Eligia E García-Ortiz Humberto H Martínez-Hernández Angélica A Venegas-Vega Carlos C Peralta-Romero Jesús J Cruz Miguel M Tapia-Conyer Roberto R

Scientific reports 20190226 1

Obesity, parental history (PH) of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and genes play an important role in T2D development. However, the influence of each factor on T2D variability is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of obesity (body mass index [BMI], waist/hip ratio), PH, and 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2D on T2D variability in Mexico, comparing 1234 non-diabetic controls and 1219 diabetic patients. To replicate the data, a case-control (n = 2904) and a cr ...[more]

PMID: 30808941

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Project description:BackgroundThe relationship between infant breastfeeding and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear but it has been suggested that there may be a link between many environmental factors, including dietary antigens affecting diabetes epidemiology. The main objective of this study is to investigate nutritional risk factors, especially breastfeeding early in life that may be associated with the development of type 1 DM and to determine the relationship these factors have with the disease.MethodsThis research is a case-control study and was carried out in Ege University Children's Hospital in İzmir, Turkey between 13 January 2020 and 5 March 2020. A total of 246 children aged between 4 and 14 years were included in the study. The case group consisted of patients diagnosed with type 1 DM followed-up by Ege University Children's Hospital's Endocrinology Unit and the control group included non-diabetic children attending the same hospital's General Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. A structured questionnaire was created by the researchers after reviewing the literature related to nutritional and other risk factors for type 1 DM. The questionnaire was administered by interviewing the parents and it was related to the child, mother and family of the child. In this study, breastfeeding duration was defined as the total duration of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding meant that the child received only breast milk from the mother.ResultsThe mean age at diagnosis was 6.30 ± 4.03 years for cases and 7.48 ± 2.56 years for controls. We found that each monthly increase in exclusive breastfeeding duration provided a 0.83-fold (95% CI 0.72, 0.96) decrease in the risk of type 1 DM. Introduction of cereals in the diet at the sixth month or earlier was associated with a 2.58-fold (95% CI 1.29, 5.16) increased risk.ConclusionsDetermining the contribution of exclusive breastfeeding to the disease is important in establishing preventive policies. A longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be an important role in preventing the disease. This free intervention that truly works will be cost-effective. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of both exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding on the development of type 1 DM.

Project description:Type-2 diabetes and obesity are among the leading human diseases and highly complex in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and are among the most frequent and highly complex and heterogeneous in nature. Based on epidemiological evidence, it is known that the patients suffering from obesity are considered to be at a significantly higher risk of type-2 diabetes. There are several pieces of evidence that support the hypothesis that these diseases interlinked and obesity may aggravate the risk(s) of type-2 diabetes. Multi-level unwanted alterations such as (epi-) genetic alterations, changes at the transcriptional level, and altered signaling pathways (receptor, cytoplasmic, and nuclear level) are the major sources that promote several complex diseases, and such a heterogeneous level of complexity is considered as a major barrier in the development of therapeutics. With so many known challenges, it is critical to understand the relationships and the shared causes between type-2 diabetes and obesity, and these are difficult to unravel and understand. For this purpose, we have selected publicly available datasets of gene expression for obesity and type-2 diabetes, have unraveled the genes and the pathways associated with the immune system, and have also focused on the T-cell signaling pathway and its components. We have applied a simplified computational approach to understanding differential gene expression and patterns and the enriched pathways for obesity and type-2 diabetes. Furthermore, we have also analyzed genes by using network-level understanding. In the analysis, we observe that there are fewer genes that are commonly differentially expressed while a comparatively higher number of pathways are shared between them. There are only 4 pathways that are associated with the immune system in case of obesity and 10 immune-associated pathways in case of type-2 diabetes, and, among them, only 2 pathways are commonly altered. Furthermore, we have presented SPNS1, PTPN6, CD247, FOS, and PIK3R5 as the overexpressed genes, which are the direct components of TCR signaling.

Dataset Information

Influence of obesity, parental history of diabetes, and genes in type 2 diabetes: A case-control study.

Publications

Influence of obesity, parental history of diabetes, and genes in type 2 diabetes: A case-control study.

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