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Risk factors associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced gastrointestinal bleeding resulting on people over 60 years old in Beijing.

ABSTRACT: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is an unwanted side effect common to all chemical types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly in elderly people. However, the risk factors of GI bleeding associated with NSAIDs for elderly people remain unknown. This study aims to evaluate the risks of GI bleeding associated with NSAIDs in 4728 elderly people over 60 years old based on database from a hospital in Beijing.This retrospective hospital-based study included 4728 patients over 60 years old prescribed with NSAIDs, of which 928 patients had GI bleeding and 3800 did not have. Odds ratios (OR) for the risk of GI bleeding associated with NSAIDs were determined by logistic regression analysis. Mean Decrease Gini (MDG) involved in random forest algorithm was used to rank the associated factors with GI bleeding.In multivariate analysis, family history of GI bleeding (OR, 3.348; P = .000), history of peptic ulcers (OR, 4.068; P = .000), history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (OR, 1.476; P = .001), diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.408; P = .000), antiplatelet drugs (OR, 3.106; P = .000), Helicobacter pylori infection (OR, 1.312; P = .001), cholesterol level (OR, 0.516; P = .000), upper abdominal discomfort (OR, 3.467; P = .000), anorexia (OR, 2.038; P = .000), and NSAIDs used for 0.5 to 3 months (OR, 0.780; P = .000) were associated with GI bleeding. After ranked the MDG of each factor, the top 5 ranked factors associated with GI bleeding were melena, hematemesis, antiplatelet drugs, cholesterol level, and upper abdominal discomfort.We found that family history of GI bleeding, history of peptic ulcers, history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, antiplatelet drugs, Helicobacter pylori infection, hypocholesterolemia, and NSAIDs used for 0.5 to 3 months were independent risk factors for GI bleeding on people over 60 years old. Meanwhile, upper abdominal discomfort might be the predictor of GI bleeding associated with NSAIDs elderly users.

SUBMITTER: Chi TY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6392961 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Middle gastrointestinal bleeding (MGIB) risk has not been fully investigated due to its extremely rare occurrence and the need for multiple endoscopies to exclude upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. This study investigated whether MGIB is associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), low-dose aspirin (LDA), thienopyridines, anticoagulants, and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), and whether PPI use affects the interactions between MGIB and antithrombotic drugs.In this multicenter, hospital-based, case-control study, 400 patients underwent upper and lower endoscopy, 80 had acute overt MGIB and 320 had no bleeding and were matched for age and sex as controls (1:4). MGIB was additionally evaluated by capsule and/or double-balloon endoscopy, after excluding upper and lower GI bleeding. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for MGIB risk were calculated using conditional logistic regression. To estimate the propensity score, we employed a logistic regression model for PPI use.In patients with MGIB, mean hemoglobin level was 9.4 g/dL, and 28 patients (35%) received blood transfusions. Factors significantly associated with MGIB were chronic kidney disease (p<0.001), liver cirrhosis (p = 0.034), NSAIDs (p<0.001), thienopyridines (p<0.001), anticoagulants (p = 0.002), and PPIs (p<0.001). After adjusting for these factors, NSAIDs (AOR, 2.5; p = 0.018), thienopyridines (AOR, 3.2; p = 0.015), anticoagulants (AOR, 4.3; p = 0.028), and PPIs (AOR; 2.0; p = 0.021) were independently associated with MGIB. After adjusting for propensity score, the use of PPIs remained an independent risk factors for MGIB (AOR, 1.94; p = 0.034). No significant interactions were observed between PPIs and NSAIDs (AOR, 0.7; p = 0.637), LDA (AOR, 0.3; p = 0.112), thienopyridine (AOR, 0.7, p = 0.671), or anticoagulants (AOR, 0.5; p = 0.545).One-third of patients with acute small intestinal bleeding required blood transfusion. NSAIDs, thienopyridines, anticoagulants, and PPIs increased the risk of acute small intestinal bleeding. However, there were no significant interactions found between antithrombotic drugs and PPI use for bleeding risk.

Project description:ObjectivesPotentially harmful nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) utilization persists at undesirable rates throughout the world. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on interventions to de-implement potentially harmful NSAIDs in healthcare settings and to suggest directions for future research.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar (2000-2022).Study selectionStudies reporting on the effectiveness of interventions to systematically reduce potentially harmful NSAID utilization in healthcare settings.Data extractionUsing Covidence systematic review software, we extracted study and intervention characteristics, including the effectiveness of interventions in reducing NSAID utilization.ResultsFrom 7,818 articles initially identified, 68 were included in the review. Most studies took place in European countries (45.6%) or the U.S. (35.3%), with randomized controlled trial as the most common design (55.9%). The majority of studies (76.2%) reported a reduction in the utilization of potentially harmful NSAIDs. Interventions were largely clinician-facing (76.2%) and delivered in primary care (60.2%). Academic detailing, clinical decision support or electronic medical record interventions, performance reports, and pharmacist review were frequent approaches employed. NSAID use was most commonly classified as potentially harmful based on patients' age (55.8%) or history of gastrointestinal disorders (47.1%) or kidney disease (38.2%). Only 7.4% of interventions focused on over-the-counter NSAIDs in addition to prescription. Few studies (5.9%) evaluated pain or quality of life following NSAIDs discontinuation.ConclusionMany varied interventions are effective in de-implementing potentially harmful NSAIDs in healthcare settings. Efforts to adapt, scale, and disseminate these interventions are needed. In addition, future interventions should address over-the-counter NSAIDs, which are broadly available and widely used. Evaluating unintended consequences of interventions, including patient-focused outcomes, is another important priority. What is already known on this topic - NSAIDs are overutilized by high-risk patients at persistent rates. Interventions to reduce potentially harmful NSAIDs prescribing and over-the-counter (OTC) NSAIDs use are needed . What this study adds - More than 50 studies published internationally from 2000 to 2022 (three quarters of those reviewed) reported on interventions effective in de-implementing potentially harmful NSAIDs. We extracted and summarized characteristics of studies and of interventions to identify research gaps and priorities for future research . How this study might affect research, practice or policy - In light of the large number of effective interventions on record, implementation and dissemination efforts should be the priority of future work .

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Risk factors associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced gastrointestinal bleeding resulting on people over 60 years old in Beijing.

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