Dataset Information

The Association between Respiratory Infection and Air Pollution in the Setting of Air Quality Policy and Economic Change.

ABSTRACT: RATIONALE:Fine particulate matter air pollution of 2.5 ?m or less in diameter (PM2.5) has been associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease, but assessments of specific respiratory infections in adults are lacking. OBJECTIVES:To estimate the rate of respiratory infection healthcare encounters in adults associated with acute increases in PM2.5 concentrations. METHODS:Using case-crossover methods, we studied 498,118 adult New York State residents with a primary diagnosis of influenza, bacterial pneumonia, or culture-negative pneumonia upon hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit (2005-2016). We estimated the relative rate of healthcare encounters associated with increases in PM2.5 in the previous 1-7 days and explored differences before (2005-2007), during (2008-2013), and after (2014-2016) implementation of air quality policies and economic changes. RESULTS:Interquartile range increases in PM2.5 over the previous 7 days were associated with increased excess rates (ERs) of culture-negative pneumonia hospitalizations (2.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-3.2%) and ED visits (2.5%; 95% CI, 1.4-3.6%), and increased ERs of influenza ED visits (3.9%; 95% CI, 2.1-5.6%). Bacterial pneumonia hospitalizations, but not ED visits, were associated with increases in PM2.5 and, though imprecise, were of a similar magnitude to culture-negative pneumonia (Lag Day 6 ER, 2.3%; 95% CI, 0.3-4.3). Increased relative rates of influenza ED visits and culture-negative pneumonia hospitalizations were generally larger in the "after" period (P?

SUBMITTER: Croft DP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6394122 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Association between Respiratory Infection and Air Pollution in the Setting of Air Quality Policy and Economic Change.

Croft Daniel P DP Zhang Wangjian W Lin Shao S Thurston Sally W SW Hopke Philip K PK Masiol Mauro M Squizzato Stefania S van Wijngaarden Edwin E Utell Mark J MJ Rich David Q DQ

Annals of the American Thoracic Society 20190301 3

<h4>Rationale</h4>Fine particulate matter air pollution of 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) has been associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease, but assessments of specific respiratory infections in adults are lacking.<h4>Objectives</h4>To estimate the rate of respiratory infection healthcare encounters in adults associated with acute increases in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations.<h4>Methods</h4>Using case-crossover methods, we studied 498,118 adult New York State resid ...[more]

PMID: 30398895

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Project description:Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has had detrimental effects on species composition in a range of sensitive habitats, although N deposition can also increase agricultural productivity and carbon storage, and favours a few species considered of importance for conservation. Conservation targets are multiple, and increasingly incorporate services derived from nature as well as concepts of intrinsic value. Priorities vary. How then should changes in a set of species caused by drivers such as N deposition be assessed? We used a novel combination of qualitative semi-structured interviews and quantitative ranking to elucidate the views of conservation professionals specialising in grasslands, heathlands and mires. Although conservation management goals are varied, terrestrial habitat quality is mainly assessed by these specialists on the basis of plant species, since these are readily observed. The presence and abundance of plant species that are scarce, or have important functional roles, emerged as important criteria for judging overall habitat quality. However, species defined as 'positive indicator-species' (not particularly scarce, but distinctive for the habitat) were considered particularly important. Scarce species are by definition not always found, and the presence of functionally important species is not a sufficient indicator of site quality. Habitat quality as assessed by the key informants was rank-correlated with the number of positive indicator-species present at a site for seven of the nine habitat classes assessed. Other metrics such as species-richness or a metric of scarcity were inconsistently or not correlated with the specialists' assessments. We recommend that metrics of habitat quality used to assess N pollution impacts are based on the occurrence of, or habitat-suitability for, distinctive species. Metrics of this type are likely to be widely applicable for assessing habitat change in response to different drivers. The novel combined qualitative and quantitative approach taken to elucidate the priorities of conservation professionals could be usefully applied in other contexts.

Project description:Background and aimOur objective was to use metabolomics in a toxicological-relevant target tissue to gain insight into the biological processes that may underlie the negative association between air pollution exposure and oocyte quality.MethodsOur study included 125 women undergoing in vitro fertilization at an academic fertility center in Massachusetts, US (2005-2015). A follicular fluid sample was collected during oocyte retrieval and untargeted metabolic profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography with ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry and two chromatography columns (C18 and HILIC). Daily exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone, fine particulate matter, and black carbon was estimated at the women's residence using spatiotemporal models and averaged over the period of ovarian stimulation (2-weeks). Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between the air pollutants, number of mature oocytes, and metabolic feature intensities. A meet-in-the-middle approach was used to identify overlapping features and metabolic pathways.ResultsOf the air pollutants, NO2 exposure had the largest number of overlapping metabolites (C18: 105; HILIC: 91) and biological pathways (C18: 3; HILIC: 6) with number of mature oocytes. Key pathways of overlap included vitamin D3 metabolism (both columns), bile acid biosynthesis (both columns), C21-steroid hormone metabolism (HILIC), androgen and estrogen metabolism (HILIC), vitamin A metabolism (HILIC), carnitine shuttle (HILIC), and prostaglandin formation (C18). Three overlapping metabolites were confirmed with level-1 or level-2 evidence. For example, hypoxanthine, a metabolite that protects against oxidant-induced cell injury, was positively associated with NO2 exposure and negatively associated with number of mature oocytes. Minimal overlap was observed between the other pollutants and the number of mature oocytes.ConclusionsHigher exposure to NO2 during ovarian stimulation was associated with many metabolites and biologic pathways involved in endogenous vitamin metabolism, hormone synthesis, and oxidative stress that may mediate the observed associations with lower oocyte quality.

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The Association between Respiratory Infection and Air Pollution in the Setting of Air Quality Policy and Economic Change.

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The Association between Respiratory Infection and Air Pollution in the Setting of Air Quality Policy and Economic Change.

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