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Associations between ovarian hormones and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle: Do ovulatory shifts in hormones matter?

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Elevated ovarian hormone levels are associated with increased risk for binge eating (BE) and emotional eating (EE) during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, past studies have not examined whether pronounced hormonal changes that precede the midluteal phase (i.e., the dramatic decrease in estradiol and increase in progesterone during/after ovulation) also influence midluteal increases in binge-related symptoms. Past theories and studies of phenotypes strongly related to BE (e.g., depression) suggest that these pronounced hormonal changes may also contribute. This study examined this possibility in 375 female twins (aged 15-25?years) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. METHODS:Daily ratings of EE (assessed with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) and daily saliva samples of estradiol and progesterone were collected for 45 consecutive days. RESULTS:No significant associations were found between pronounced changes in estradiol or progesterone across ovulation and changes in EE scores in the midluteal phase. Results remained unchanged after controlling for body mass index and negative affect and examining participants with clinical BE episodes or more extreme hormonal fluctuations. DISCUSSION:In aggregate, the current findings and past data suggest that hormone levels are more significant predictors of EE than pronounced hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle.

SUBMITTER: Fowler N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6394872 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations between ovarian hormones and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle: Do ovulatory shifts in hormones matter?

Fowler Natasha N Keel Pamela K PK Burt S Alexandra SA Neale Michael M Boker Steven S Sisk Cheryl L CL Klump Kelly L KL

The International journal of eating disorders 20190115 2

<h4>Objective</h4>Elevated ovarian hormone levels are associated with increased risk for binge eating (BE) and emotional eating (EE) during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, past studies have not examined whether pronounced hormonal changes that precede the midluteal phase (i.e., the dramatic decrease in estradiol and increase in progesterone during/after ovulation) also influence midluteal increases in binge-related symptoms. Past theories and studies of phenotypes strongly r ...[more]

PMID: 30648266

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of adiposity on patterns of sex hormones across the menstrual cycle among regularly menstruating women. SUBJECTS:The BioCycle Study followed 239 healthy women for 1-2 menstrual cycles, with up to eight visits per cycle timed using fertility monitors. METHODS:Serum estradiol (E2), progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured at each visit. Adiposity was measured by anthropometry and by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Differences in hormonal patterns by adiposity measures were estimated using nonlinear mixed models, which allow for comparisons in overall mean levels, amplitude (i.e., lowest to highest level within each cycle) and shifts in timing of peaks while adjusting for age, race, energy intake and physical activity. RESULTS:Compared with normal weight women (n=154), obese women (body mass index (BMI) ?30?kg?m(-2), n=25) averaged lower levels of progesterone (-15%, P=0.003), LH (-17%, P=0.01), FSH (-23%, P=0.001) and higher free E2 (+22%, P=0.0001) across the cycle. To lesser magnitudes, overweight women (BMI: 25-30, n=60) also exhibited differences in the same directions for mean levels of free E2, FSH and LH. Obese women experienced greater changes in amplitude of LH (9%, P=0.002) and FSH (8%, P=0.004), but no differences were observed among overweight women. Higher central adiposity by top compared to bottom tertile of trunk-to-leg fat ratio by DXA was associated with lower total E2 (-14%, P=0.005), and FSH (-15%, P=0.001). Peaks in FSH and LH occurred later (?0.5 day) in the cycle among women with greater central adiposity. CONCLUSION:Greater total and central adiposity were associated with changes in mean hormone levels. The greater amplitudes observed among obese women suggest compensatory mechanisms at work to maintain hormonal homeostasis. Central adiposity may be more important in influencing timing of hormonal peaks than total adiposity.

Dataset Information

Associations between ovarian hormones and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle: Do ovulatory shifts in hormones matter?

Publications

Associations between ovarian hormones and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle: Do ovulatory shifts in hormones matter?

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