Dataset Information

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

In Ethiopia, limited information is available about the epidemiology of over-nutrition. This study assessed the prevalence of, and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2015 in the city. A total of 531 adults 18-64?years of age were selected using multistage sampling approach. Interviewer administered qualitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the consumption pattern of twelve food groups. The level of physical exercise was measured via the General Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Based on anthropometric measurements, Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed and overweight including obesity (BMI of 25 or above) was defined. For identifying predictors of overweight and obesity, multivariable binary logistic regression model was fitted and the outputs are presented using Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI).

Results

The prevalence of overweight including obesity was 28.2% (95% CI: 24.2-32.2). Significant proportions of adults had moderate (37.6%) or low (2.6%) physical activity level. As compared to men, women had 2.56 (95% CI: 1.85-4.76) times increased odds of overweight/obesity. With reference to adults 18-24?years of age, the odds were three times higher among adults 45-54 (3.06, 95% CI: 1.29-7.20) and 55-64 (2.88, 95% CI: 1.06-7.84) years. Those from the highest income tercile were 3.16 times (95% CI: 1.88-5.30) more likely to be overweight/obese as compared to adults from the lowest tercile. Having moderate (3.10, 95% CI: 1.72-5.60) or low (4.80 95% CI: 2.50-9.23) physical activity was also significantly associated with the outcome. Further, daily intake of alcohol and, frequent consumption of sweets, meat and eggs were associated with overweight/obesity. Conversely, no significant associations were evident for meal frequency, practices of skipping breakfast, behavior of eating away from home and frequency of consumption of fast foods, fruits and vegetables.

Conclusions

Prompting active lifestyle, limiting intakes of sweets, advocating optimum consumption of alcohol and calorie dense animal source foods, especially amongst the better-off segment of the population, may reduce the magnitude of over-nutrition.

SUBMITTER: Darebo T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6398229 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.

Darebo Teshale T Mesfin Addisalem A Gebremedhin Samson S

BMC obesity 20190304

<h4>Background</h4>In Ethiopia, limited information is available about the epidemiology of over-nutrition. This study assessed the prevalence of, and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia.<h4>Methods</h4>A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2015 in the city. A total of 531 adults 18-64 years of age were selected using multistage sampling approach. Interviewer administered qualitative food frequency questionnaire ...[more]

PMID: 30867934

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Project description:BackgroundCurrently, adult overweight/obesity affects a high proportion of the population in low and middle-income countries, mostly in urban areas. Although some studies have been conducted on overweight/obesity in Ethiopia, most of them have focused on school children and adolescents, and there is limited evidence of overweight/obesity among adults at the community level. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the magnitude of overweight/obesity and risk factors among adults in Welkite town, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA Community-based cross-sectional study was done among 524 adults aged 18 and more years in Welkite town, Southern Ethiopia, from February through March 2020. A multistage sampling technique was undertaken to recruit study participants. An interviewer-guided structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Overweight or obesity was identified using body mass index. The bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to see an association using binary logistic regression.ResultsThe magnitude of overweight and obesity was 22.2% (95% CI: 0.19, 0.26). Being female (AOR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.27), age group 30-47 years (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI: 1.52, 6.97) and 48-66 years (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.07, 6.08), average monthly income (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.51, 4.60), had own transport (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.03, 5.93), eating meat ≥ four times per week (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.03, 10.74), not involve vigorous-intensity activity (AOR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.55, 5.64), spent sitting or reclining ≥181 minutes per day (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.26), and consuming alcohol (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.82) were risks for overweight and obesity.ConclusionsThe magnitude of overweight and obesity among adults was high. Factors such as being female, increasing age, physical inactivity, having own transportation, high average monthly income, eating meat, sitting or reclining more and equal to 181+ minutes per day, and consumption of alcohol increased the risk of overweight and obesity significantly. Hence, preventive interventions focusing on females, age groups of 30-66yrs, encouraging Physical activity, reducing meat frequency, and reducing alcohol consumption are essential to prevent the emergence of adulthood overweight/obesity.

Project description:BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Limited information exists about the epidemiology of HBV infection in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess sero-prevalence of HBV markers and associated factors in children living in Hawassa City, southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 471 children in Hawassa City, southern Ethiopia from May to September, 2018. A total of 471 children were included in the study using a multistage sampling technique. Data on demographic and risk factors were gathered using structured questionnaires. Blood samples were collected and sera were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to core antigen (anti-HBc), and antibody against surface antigen (anti-HBs) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe sero-prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs markers among children were 4.4, 19.5 and 20.0%, respectively. Children at higher risk of having HBsAg marker were those who had a history of injectable medications (AOR 5.02, 95% CI: 1.14, 22.07), a family history of liver disease (AOR 6.37, 95% CI: 1.32, 30.74), a HBsAg seropositive mothers, (AOR 11.19, (95% CI: 3.15, 39.67), and had no vaccination history for HBV (AOR, 6.37, 95% CI: 1.32, 30.74). Children from families with low monthly income, who were home delivered, unvaccinated for HBV or with HBsAg seropositive mother had increased risk of having anti-HBc.ConclusionsThe study findings showed an intermediate endemicity of HBV infection in the study setting. The observed rate of residual HBV infection with low rate of immunized children after HBV vaccination was high. Hence, introducing birth dose vaccine, safe injection practice and improving immunization coverage during pregnancy as part of the antenatal care package should be considered. Furthermore, governmental and non-governmental organizations should give attention on timely measures for the prevention of ongoing vertical transmission from mother to child as well as early horizontal transmission of HBV in Hawassa City, Ethiopia.

Project description:BackgroundOverweight and obesity complicates the care and treatment of ART patients and predispose them to chronic non-communicable diseases. However, there is a shortage of research evidence on overweight and obesity and its associated factors among adult ART patients in our setting. Therefore, this study aimed to asses overweight and obesity and associated factors among adult ART patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted by using systematic sampling technique. Primary and secondary data were collected from 369 adult ART patients from February to May 2017. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and laboratory outputs were used as primary data. The patient's baseline medical records were used as secondary data. Ethiopian Ministry of Health ART patient's follow-up tool was used to collect the required information. The standard laboratory and well-calibrated digital Seca Scale and portable Stadio-meter were used to collect medical and anthropometric data. Data were entered into Epi- data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and presented by tables, graphs and texts. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed and the level of statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was 43.4% (95% CI = 43.35, 43.45). The difference in the overweight and obesity between the study period and initial commencement of ART was 35%. The course of HIV chronic care since the commencement of ART and during the study was 35%. Higher recent CD4 counts (200-499cells/mm3) (AOR = 3.15, 95%CI = 1.04-9.49) and (≥ 500 cells/mm3) (AOR = 7.58, 95%CI = 2.49-23.08), hypertension (AOR = 2.57, 95%CI = 1.24-5.35), higher baseline BMI status (AOR = 5.93, 95%CI = 2.62-13.40) and abdominal obesity (AOR = 1.82, 95%CI = 1.07-3.10) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity.ConclusionIn this study, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult ART patients was reported compared to general adult population in Ethiopia. Overweight and obesity were significantly higher among hypertensive, with higher recent CD4 counts and abdominal obese ART patients. Thus, screening of overweight and obesity, incorporating nutritionist/dietician into the routine chronic care, and regular monitoring of the nutritional status of ART patients is recommended.

Project description:BackgroundDespite it is easily preventable; malaria is still remains to be a major public health problem in globally as well as in Ethiopia. The disease can be easily prevented through individual and societal combined efforts by keeping the environment safe, effective utilization of long lasting Insecticide Nets and early treatment. However, the factors for poor knowledge and practices of malaria prevention is not well studied in Ethiopia; particularly, in the study area. Hence, this study aimed to provide concrete evidence towards malaria prevention practices and associated factors among Households of Hawassa City Administration, Southern Ethiopia, 2020.MethodA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomly selected 598 households at Hawassa City Administration from April 1-15, 2020. Multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit the study households. Data were collected by trained data collectors through a face-to-face interview with pretested structured questionnaire, which was adapted from previous peer reviewed articles. Then the data were checked for the completeness and consistencies, then, coded and entered into Epi data 3.1 and it was exported to SPSS IBM version 23 for analysis. Descriptive mean with standard deviation was used to summarize the continuous variables. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess factors affecting prevention and control of Malaria. Finally, adjusted odds ratio together with 95% CI and p-value <0.05 was used to declare the statistical significances.ResultsThe overall 317 (54.3%) of households practiced good measure of malaria prevention and control measures. Urban residence [AOR = 1.95 (95%CI: 1.17-3.24)], Secondary school completed [AOR = 5.02(95%CI 2.24-12.03)], Tertiary school completed [AOR = 7.27(95%CI: 2.84-18.55)], Positive Attitude [AOR = 8.20(95%CI: 5.31-12.68)] and Good knowledge about malaria [AOR = 2.81(95%CI: 1.78-4.44)] were significantly associated with malaria prevention practices.ConclusionsNearly half of the households were still practiced poor measure of malaria prevention and control measures. Hence, health officials and stake holders need attention by providing continuous health education and follow up to control malaria.

Project description:IntroductionHypertension is a global public health challenge. There is a lack of evidence on the prevalence of hypertension, prehypertension, and related factors among adult populations of Wolaita, southern Ethiopia.AimTo assess the prevalence of hypertension, prehypertension, and related factors among adult populations of Wolaita, southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 2483 adult residents, selected using a two-stage random sampling technique. The quantitative data collected from structured questionnaires; anthropometric and biochemical measurements were entered into EpiData version 3.1 using double-entry systems. We determined the weighted prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension for the two-stage survey. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with hypertension and carried out after declaring the data set as survey data to account for the effect of clustering. An adjusted coefficient with 95% CI was used to ascertain the significance of the association.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in the Wolaita area was 31.3% (27.7%-35.1%) and 46.4% (42.9%-50.0%) respectively. The weighted prevalence of hypertension of those who were not aware of their hypertension until the time of the survey was 29.8%% (26.5%-33.3%). Where the weighted prevalence of self-reported cases of hypertension was 2.2% (1.2%-3.8%). Obesity, sugar-sweetened food consumption, male sex, elevated total cholesterol, raised fasting blood sugar, and advancing age were positively associated with hypertension.ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension among adults in Wolaita was high. A small proportion of the affected people are aware of their high blood pressure. This study reported a high prevalence of pre-hypertension; which indicates a high percentage of people at risk of hypertension. It is essential to develop periodic screening programs, and primary intervention strategies such as the prevention of obesity, and reduction of sugar-sweetened food consumption.

Project description:BackgroundOverweight and obesity among children has emerged as one of the most serious public health concerns in the 21st century, which is a predictor of adulthood obesity, morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight /obesity and associated factors among preschool children.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar City from February 14 to March 4, 2016. Multi stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 504 preschool children. Data were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and WHO 2007 Anthro version 2.0.4 software. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify associated factors. P values <0.05 with 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance.ResultsA total of 500 study participants were included with 99.2% response rate and 51.6% were girls while 48.4% were boys. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 47.68 ±7.19 months. The combined prevalence of overweight /obesity was 13.8% (95%CI; 10.6, 17.2) the specific being 9.6% for overweight and 4.2% for obesity. The multivariable analysis indicated that the age group between 36-47 months [AOR = 2.38 (95%CI; 1.27,4.46)],high dietary diversity[AOR = 3.73(95%CI;1.15,12.54),consumption of sweet food[AOR = 2.69 (95%CI,1.21, 5.98)],time spent in watching television>2hr/day [AOR = 4.01 (95%CI;2.22, 7.26)] and mother's education at secondary level [AOR = 0.35 (95% CI; 0.12, 0.96)] were associated with overweight/obesity among preschool children.ConclusionsOnce considered a high income country problem, result of this study in urban city like Gondar reveals that overweight/obesity is on the rise in urban Ethiopia, which indicates the need for formulating preventive programs and policies during a child's early years.

Project description:PURPOSE:The study aimed to assess the proportion of eye care service utilization and associated factors among older adults age ≥ 40 years in Hawassa city, South Ethiopia, June 2019. METHOD:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 40 years and above who permanently live in Hawassa city from April 25 to May 30, 2019. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 704 participants. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data was entered to EPI info version 7 & was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression model was used to identify actual predictors of eye care service utilization. All variables were entered to multivariable analysis and variables with p-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULT:A total of 668 adults participated with a response rate of 94.9%. The median (±IQR) age of study respondents was 48(±10) years and 52.7% were females. The proportion of eye care service utilization within the past 2 years was found to be 23.8% [95% CI: 20.5%-27.1%]. Having history of eye disease [AOR = 9.8, 95% CI: 6.1-15.6], having awareness of regular eye checkup importance [AOR = 7.3, 95% CI:4.4-12.2], older age (age ≥65 years) [AOR = 5.0, 95% CI:1.9-13.3] and higher family monthly income (income ≥6000 ETB) [AOR = 3.0, 95% CI:1.5-5.7] and income 4001-5999 ETB [AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4-5.9] were positively associated with eye care service utilization. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:The proportion of eye care service utilization among older adults in Hawassa city was low. Having a history of eye disease, having awareness about regular eye checkup importance, older age and higher family monthly income were significantly associated with utilization of eye care service. Therefore, it is recommended to provide eye health education for the community to increase awareness about eye care service utilization which can improve eye care service utilization.

Dataset Information

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.

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