Plasma sphingomyelins increase in pre-diabetic Korean men with abdominal obesity.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Im SS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6400388 | biostudies-literature | 2019
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been reported as a cardiometabolic risk factor, the effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver is yet to be clarified on abdominal obesity. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the longitudinal relationship of non-alcoholic fatty liver on the development of abdominal obesity. The study participants were composed of 11,212 Korean men without abdominal obesity. They were followed up from 2005 to 2010 to be monitored for the development of abdominal obesity according to their degree of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (normal, mild, and moderate to severe). Cox-proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratios for abdominal obesity according to the degree of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. While the average incidence was 15.5%, the incidence of abdominal obesity increased according to the degree of non-alcoholic fatty liver (normal: 11.6%, mild: 25.2%, moderate to severe: 41.0%, P < 0.001). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for abdominal obesity independently increased proportionally to the degree of NAFLD (mild [1.07; 0.94-1.23], moderate to severe [1.58; 1.11-2.26], P for trend < 0.001). The risk of abdominal obesity increased proportionally to the degree of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This finding guarantees further studies to reveal the incidental relationship of abdominal obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
| S-EPMC4779866 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To investigate the effects of short-term GH administration on abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte size and CT attenuation in men with abdominal obesity.6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of GH (starting dose 2?g/kg/d) vs placebo of 15 abdominally obese men (mean age: 34±6years; mean BMI: 37.7±6.1kg/m2, mean IGF-1 SDS: -1.9±0.5) who underwent abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) aspirations to determine adipocyte size, CTs for body composition and measures of glucose tolerance at baseline and 6weeks. GH dosing was titrated to target IGF-1 levels in the upper normal age-appropriate range.GH administration decreased subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size compared to placebo. Adipocyte size was positively associated with 120-min glucose and HOMA-IR and inversely associated with peak-stimulated GH and CT attenuation. CT attenuation of SAT was inversely associated with 120-min glucose and HOMA-IR and increased following GH administration.In men with abdominal obesity, subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size is positively associated with measures of impaired glucose tolerance and administration of GH at doses that raise IGF-1 levels within the normal range, decreases abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte size, suggesting that GH administration improves the health of adipose tissue. Clinical trials number: NCT00131378.
| S-EPMC5585040 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The relatively high levels of vegetable consumption have highlighted the need to examine the association between phytochemical intake and disease prevention. We examined the association between the phytochemical index (PI) and obesity/abdominal obesity among Korean adults. We analyzed the data of 57,940 adults aged ? 19 years obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated PI using the 24 h recall data, and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Dose-response patterns were analyzed using restricted cubic spline regression. After multivariable adjustment, a higher PI was found to be associated with a lower prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity; this association was notable in women (obesity, OR: 0.86, CI: 0.78-0.94, p for trend = 0.01; abdominal obesity, OR: 0.81, CI: 0.73-0.90, p for trend < 0.001). Spline regression showed linearity of the associations between PI and obesity/abdominal obesity in women. Our findings suggested that maintaining a phytochemical-rich diet may help to prevent obesity and abdominal obesity, especially in women, as an increased PI corresponded to lower prevalence of obesity. This study, using evidence-based data, highlighted the importance of consuming plant-derived foods to prevent obesity.
| S-EPMC7468740 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe interrelation between obesity and autoimmune thyroid diseases is complex and has not been confirmed. The aim of the present study was to observe the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, in a large population.MethodsA total of 2253 residents who had lived in Xinjiang for more than 3 years were enrolled. Serum thyroid hormone concentration, thyroid autoantibodies, lipid parameters, Weight, height, and waist and hip circumference were measured.ResultsThe prevalence of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and/or thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) positive was 32.1% (21.2% in men and 37% in women, P < 0.01). Compared with women, men had significantly higher TG levels, waist circumference, and hip circumference levels (P < 0.01), while women showed higher TSH, TPOAb, and TgAb levels (P < 0.01). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 71.1% in men and 63.5% in women. Men had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity than women (56.6% in men and 47.6% in women, P < 0.01). TPOAb correlates positively with waist circumference (r = 0.100, P < 0.05) in men. Binary logistic analysis showed that TPOAb positivity had increased risks of abdominal obesity in men, and the OR was 1.1044 (95% CI 1.035, 1.151, P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results indicate that men had higher lipid levels, thicker waist circumference, and higher prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for TPOAb positivity in men, suggesting that abdominal obesity can enhance the risk of thyroid autoimmunity in men.
| S-EPMC7093900 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Central adiposity, rather than body mass index (BMI), is a key pathophysiological feature of the development of obesity-related diseases. Although genetic studies by anthropometric measures such as waist circumference have been widely conducted, genetic studies for abdominal fat deposition measured by computed tomography (CT) have been rarely performed. A total of 1,243 participants who were recruited from two health check-up centers were included in this study. We selected four and three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NGEF and RGS6, respectively, and analyzed the associations between the seven SNPs and central adiposity measured by CT using an additive, dominant, or recessive model. The participants were generally healthy middle-aged men (50.7 ± 5.3 years). In the additive model, the rs11678490 A allele of NGEF was significantly associated with total adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (all P < 0.05). The AA genotype of this SNP in the recessive model showed a more significant association with all adiposity traits, and its association with VAT remained significant even after adjustment for BMI (P = 0.005). In the overall or visceral obesity group analysis, the AA genotype of rs11678490 showed no association with overall obesity (P = 0.148), whereas it was significantly associated with visceral obesity both before (P = 0.010) and after (P = 0.029) adjustment for BMI. In particular, an AA genotype effect was conspicuous between lower and upper groups with 5% extreme VAT phenotypes (OR = 9.59, 95% CI = 1.50-61.31). However, we found no significant association between SNPs of RGS6 and central adiposity. We identified a visceral-fat-associated SNP, rs11678490 of NGEF, in Korean men. This study suggests that the genetic background of central adiposity and BMI is different, and that additional efforts should be made to find the unique genetic architecture of intra-abdominal fat accumulation.
| S-EPMC4560439 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAlthough previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genetic susceptibility loci for abdominal adiposity, GWASs on Asian samples remain scarce. Therefore, we performed a GWAS for abdominal adipose tissue depots in a Korean population.MethodsA total of 1,937 Korean men were included in the study. Areas of abdominal fat were quantified by computed tomography. We performed a GWAS analysis under an additive model, and a replication study was conducted on 480 additional Korean adult men.ResultsIn the discovery step, we identified a total of 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with adiposity indicators (p < 1 × 10-5). The top SNP, rs1028014, for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was located in the ZMAT4 gene and remained significant after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Three additional SNPs were also associated with VAT-adj-BMI and located within the SLC26A10, FAM155A, and COL4A1-COL4A2 genes, respectively. In addition, we identified a SNP (rs4668224) of the MYO3B gene for visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio. For subcutaneous adipose tissue and total adipose tissue, two (rs6585735 and rs363527) and three SNPs (rs1487892, rs9357565, and rs1985358) were found, respectively. Overall, eight SNPs were used in the replication study; however, none of the SNPs reached our level of significance for replication (p < 0.0063). Nevertheless, rs4773144 of COL4A1-COL4A2 for VAT-adj-BMI was the most interesting SNP identified in previous GWASs for coronary artery disease (based on the same risk allele "G"), along with functional effects.ConclusionThis study suggests for the first time that an SNP (rs4773144) of COL4A1-COL4A2 may contribute to the increase in VAT level, especially in adult Korean men.
| S-EPMC9421669 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background. Abdominal obesity and its relative distribution are known to differ in association with metabolic characteristics and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study aimed to determine an association between fitness level and abdominal adiposity in overweight and obese adults. Methods. 228 overweight and obese individuals were classified as either cardiorespiratory unfit or fit based on their recovery heart rate. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), the visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VAT/SAT ratio), and cardiometabolic characteristics were analyzed to examine the relationship between recovery heart rate and abdominal adiposity components. Results. After adjustments for age and sex, significant relationships of recovery heart rate and VAT, SAT, and VAT/SAT ratio were found; however, SAT was not significantly associated after further adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.045, P = 0.499), whereas VAT (r = 0.232, P < 0.001) and VAT/SAT ratio (r = 0.214, P = 0.001) remained associated. Through stepwise multiple regression analyses after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, lifestyle factors, mean blood pressure, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profiles, and hsCRP, recovery heart rate was identified as an independent variable associated with VAT (β = 0.204, P < 0.001) and VAT/SAT ratio (β = 0.163, P = 0.008) but not with SAT (β = 0.097, P = 0.111). Conclusions. Cardiorespiratory fitness level is independently associated with VAT and the VAT/SAT ratio but not with SAT in overweight and obese adults.
| S-EPMC3958687 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCeramides exhibit multiple biological activities that may influence the pathophysiology of heart failure. These activities may be influenced by the saturated fatty acid carried by the ceramide (Cer). However, the associations of different circulating Cer species, and their sphingomyelin (SM) precursors, with heart failure have received limited attention.Methods and resultsWe studied the associations of plasma Cer and SM species with incident heart failure in the Cardiovascular Health Study. We examined 8 species: Cer and SM with palmitic acid (Cer-16 and SM-16), species with arachidic acid (Cer-20 and SM-20), species with behenic acid (Cer-22 and SM-22), and species with lignoceric acid (Cer-24 and SM-24). During a median follow-up of 9.4 years, we identified 1179 cases of incident heart failure among 4249 study participants. In Cox regression analyses adjusted for risk factors, higher levels of Cer-16 and SM-16 were associated with higher risk of incident heart failure (hazard ratio for one SD increase:1.25 [95% CI, 1.16-1.36] and 1.28 [1.18-1.40], respectively). In contrast, higher levels of Cer-22 were associated with lower risk of heart failure in multivariable analyses further adjusted for Cer-16 (hazard ratio, 0.85 [0.78-0.92]); and higher levels of SM-20, SM-22 and SM-24 were associated with lower risk of heart failure in analyses further adjusted for SM-16 (hazard ratios, 0.83 [0.77-0.90], 0.81 [0.75-0.88], and 0.83 [0.77-0.90], respectively). No statistically significant interactions with age, sex, black race, body mass index, or baseline coronary heart disease were detected. Similar associations were observed for heart failure with preserved (n=529) or reduced (n=348) ejection fraction.ConclusionsThis study shows associations of higher plasma levels of Cer-16 and SM-16 with increased risk of heart failure and higher levels of Cer-22, SM-20, SM-22, and SM-24 with decreased risk of heart failure.Clinical trial registrationURL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00005133.
| S-EPMC6629465 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that the association between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and coronary artery disease risk varies according to food sources. How SFAs from butter and cheese influence HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), a key process in reverse cholesterol transport, is currently unknown.ObjectiveIn a predefined secondary analysis of a previously published trial, we have examined how diets rich in SFAs from either cheese or butter influence HDL-mediated CEC, compared with diets rich in either monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).MethodsIn a randomized crossover controlled consumption trial, 46 men and women with abdominal obesity consumed 5 isocaloric diets, each for 4 wk. Two diets were rich in SFAs either from cheese (CHEESE) or butter (BUTTER) [12.4-12.6% of energy (%E) as SFAs, 32%E as fat, 52%E as carbohydrates]. In 2 other diets, SFAs (5.8%E) were replaced with either MUFAs from refined olive oil (MUFA) or PUFAs from corn oil (PUFA). Finally, a lower fat and carbohydrate diet was used as a control (5.8%E as SFAs, 25.0%E as fat, 59%E as carbohydrates; CHO). Post-diet HDL-mediated CEC was determined ex vivo using radiolabelled J774 macrophages incubated with apolipoprotein B-depleted serum from the participants.ResultsMean (±SD) age was 41.4 ± 14.2 y, and waist circumference was 107.6 ± 11.5 cm in men and 94.3 ± 12.4 cm in women. BUTTER and MUFA increased HDL-mediated CEC compared with CHEESE (+4.3%, P = 0.026 and +4.7%, P = 0.031, respectively). Exploring the significant diet × sex interaction (P = 0.044) revealed that the increase in HDL-mediated CEC after BUTTER compared with CHEESE was significant among men (+6.0%, P = 0.047) but not women (+2.9%, P = 0.19), whereas the increase after MUFA compared with CHEESE was significant among women (+9.1%, P = 0.008) but not men (-0.6%, P = 0.99).ConclusionThese results provide evidence of a food matrix effect modulating the impact of dairy SFAs on HDL-mediated CEC with potential sex-related differences that deserve further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02106208.
| S-EPMC7328473 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican adults is very high. To identify the dietary characteristics related with this disorder is necessary to design intervention. The objective was to analyze the association between dietary patterns and obesity in Mexican adults.Materials and methodsThis is a cross-sectional study carried out in Mexican adults (20-59 years old) participating in the Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016. Participants (n = 5,735) were classified as having normal weight, overweight-obesity and by their abdominal circumference as having abdominal obesity or not. With information from a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, we used a K-means cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns and calculated a healthy diet indicator to evaluate quality. The association between dietary patterns and overweight-obesity and abdominal obesity was assessed with Poisson regression models adjusted by some characteristics.ResultsWe identified a Rural pattern characterized by tortilla, legumes and egg consumption; a Diverse pattern, characterized by fruits, meat and poultry, vegetables, and dairy beverages, and desserts; and a Westernized pattern, characterized by sweetened non-dairy beverages, fast food, bakery and cookies, candies and salty snacks. In men, Westernized pattern was associated with overweight-obesity (PR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.97-1.27), and abdominal obesity (PR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.33), the Diverse pattern was associated with overweight-obesity (PR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.38), and abdominal obesity (PR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.07-1.50), compared with the Rural pattern. In women, these dietary patterns were not associated with obesity.DiscussionWesternized and Diverse patterns are associated with overweight and obesity and abdominal obesity in men. Gender-specific recommendations and surveillance are necessary in the Mexican adult population.
| S-EPMC9263742 | biostudies-literature