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Dietary and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Inversely Associated with Asthma and Atopy in Early Childhood.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence immune function and risk of allergic disease. Prior evidence of the effect of PUFA intake on childhood asthma and allergy is inconclusive. OBJECTIVES:To investigate associations of PUFA plasma levels and dietary intake with asthma and allergy at age 3 years in this ancillary study of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial. METHODS:Plasma PUFA levels were reported as relative abundances from mass spectrometry profiling, and dietary PUFA intake was derived from food frequency questionnaire responses. Associations between PUFA and outcomes, including asthma and/or recurrent wheeze, allergic sensitization, and total IgE at age 3 years, were evaluated in adjusted regression models. Additional regression models analyzed the combined effects of antenatal vitamin D and early childhood PUFA on outcomes. RESULTS:Total, omega-3, and omega-6 plasma PUFA relative abundances were significantly (P < .05) inversely associated with both asthma and/or recurrent wheeze and allergic sensitization. Likewise, dietary PUFA intake was inversely associated with asthma and/or recurrent wheeze (P < .05 for omega-6 PUFA only). For both dietary and plasma measures of total, omega-3, and omega-6 PUFAs, inverse associations with outcomes were strongest among subjects with both high umbilical cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D and high PUFA at age 3 years. CONCLUSIONS:PUFA dietary intake and plasma levels are inversely associated with asthma and/or recurrent wheeze and atopy at age 3 years. Antenatal vitamin D could modulate the effect of early childhood PUFA on risk of asthma and allergy.

SUBMITTER: Lee-Sarwar K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6400588 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Inversely Associated with Asthma and Atopy in Early Childhood.

Lee-Sarwar Kathleen K Kelly Rachel S RS Lasky-Su Jessica J Kachroo Priyadarshini P Zeiger Robert S RS O'Connor George T GT Sandel Megan T MT Bacharier Leonard B LB Beigelman Avraham A Laranjo Nancy N Gold Diane R DR Weiss Scott T ST Litonjua Augusto A AA

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 20180824 2

<h4>Background</h4>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence immune function and risk of allergic disease. Prior evidence of the effect of PUFA intake on childhood asthma and allergy is inconclusive.<h4>Objectives</h4>To investigate associations of PUFA plasma levels and dietary intake with asthma and allergy at age 3 years in this ancillary study of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial.<h4>Methods</h4>Plasma PUFA levels were reported as relative abundances from mass spectrometry p ...[more]

PMID: 30145365

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Project description:Background: Dietary factors, such as antioxidant nutrients, contribute significantly to the maintenance of an appropriate balance between antioxidant defense and free radical production in the body.Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relation between oxidative stress as assessed by plasma F2-isoprostane (IsoP) concentration, glycemic load (GL), glycemic index (GI), intake of antioxidant nutrients, dietary fiber, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).Methods: This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data collected from a random sample of 269 postmenopausal women participating in the Minnesota Green Tea Trial. GL, GI, and dietary variables were calculated from the diet history questionnaire. Subjects filled out surveys about the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and physical activity. Plasma IsoP concentration was assessed by GC-mass spectrometry. IsoP concentrations were compared across quartiles of GL, GI, insoluble fiber, PUFAs, and antioxidant nutrients with the use of linear regression.Results: Antioxidant supplement intake, including zinc, copper, vitamin C and vitamin E, was reported by >60% of the participants. Mean intake of PUFAs was 12.5 g. Mean plasma IsoP concentrations increased from 34 to 36.7 pg/mL in the lowest quartiles of GL and GI, respectively, to 45.2 and 41.6 pg/mL, respectively, in the highest quartiles (P-trend = 0.0014 for GL and P-trend = 0.0379 for GI), whereas mean IsoP concentrations decreased from 41.8 pg/mL in the lowest quartile of PUFAs to 34.9 pg/mL in the highest quartile (P-trend = 0.0416). Similarly, mean IsoP concentrations decreased from 44.4 pg/mL in the lowest quartile of insoluble fiber to 36 pg/mL in the highest quartile (P-trend = 0.0243) after adjustment for potential confounders.Conclusions: We concluded that dietary PUFAs and insoluble fiber are inversely associated with oxidative stress whereas GL and GI are positively associated with oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00917735.

Project description:Study questionAre children who were conceived with infertility treatment at an increased risk of developing asthma and atopic conditions?Summary answerInfertility treatment is associated with an elevated risk of asthma and atopic conditions in early and middle childhood, even after adjustment for parental asthma and atopy.What is known alreadyAsthma and atopic conditions are prevalent in childhood. The development of these conditions may be linked to early life exposures, including the use of infertility treatments.Study design, size, durationUpstate KIDS is a prospective cohort study of singletons and multiples born between 2008 and 2010. A total of 5034 mothers and 6171 children were enrolled and followed up until 2019, and 2056 children participated in the middle childhood follow-up.Participants/materials, setting, methodsWomen reported the fertility agents used to become pregnant on a baseline questionnaire. Treatment was categorized as ART (∼22%) use, ovulation induction via oral/injectable medications with or without IUI (OI/IUI, ∼20%), or no treatment (∼58%). Outcomes were assessed by maternal report on questionnaires in early (up to age 3 years, prevalence 9-28%) and middle (7-9 years, prevalence 10-16%) childhood. Weighted Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to analyze the risk of atopic outcomes in relation to infertility treatment exposure.Main results and the role of chanceCompared to children conceived without treatment, children conceived with any infertility treatment were at an increased risk of persistent wheeze by age 3 years (relative risk (RR): 1.66; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.33) with adjustments for parental atopy among other risk factors. Around 7-9 years, children conceived with treatment were more likely to have current asthma (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.71), eczema (RR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.49) or be prescribed allergy-related medications (RR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.99). Similar effect sizes were found when examining associations by treatment type (i.e. ART versus OI/IUI).Limitations, reasons for cautionChildhood outcomes were based on maternal report and are subject to potential misclassification. There was attrition in this study, which limits the precision of our measures of association.Wider implications of the findingsThough future research is needed to clarify the mechanisms involved, our findings support that both ART and OI/IUI influences the development of asthma and atopic conditions in the offspring from an early age.Study funding/competing interest(s)This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health's Intramural Research Program at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD; contracts #HHSN275201200005C, #HHSN267200700019C, #HHSN275201400013C, #HHSN275201300026I/27500004, #HHSN275201300023I/27500017). The authors have no relevant conflicts of interest to disclose.Trial registration numberN/A.

Dataset Information

Dietary and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Inversely Associated with Asthma and Atopy in Early Childhood.

Publications

Dietary and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Inversely Associated with Asthma and Atopy in Early Childhood.

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