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Integrating Nano-Cu₂O@ZrP into In Situ Polymerized Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Fibers with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Antibacterial Activities.

ABSTRACT: The approach of in situ polymerization modification has proven to be an effective route for introducing functions for polyester materials. In this work, Cu₂O@ZrP nanosheets with excellent dispersity and high antibacterial activity were integrated into in situ polymerized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers, revealing an enhanced mechanical performance in comparison with the PET fibers fabricated directly via a traditional melt blending method. Additionally, such an in situ polymerized PET/Cu₂O@ZrP fibers displayed highly enhanced mechanical properties; and great antibacterial activities against multi-types of bacterium, including S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans. For the as-obtained two types of PET/Cu₂O@ZrP fibers, we have detailed their molecular weight (detailed molecular weight) and dispersibility of nano-Cu₂O@ZrP and fibers crystallinity was investigated by Gel chromatography (GPC), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. The results showed that the aggregation of the nano-Cu₂O@ZrP in the resultant PET matrix could be effectively prevented during its in situ polymerization process, hence we attribute its highly enhanced mechanical properties to its superior dispersion of nano-Cu₂O@ZrP.

SUBMITTER: Zhou J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6401950 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The urgent demand for scalable, potent, color variable, and comfortable antimicrobial textiles as personal protection equipment (PPE) to help reduce infection transmission in hospitals and healthcare facilities has significantly increased since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we explored photodynamic antimicrobial polyethylene terephthalate/cotton (TC) blended fabrics comprised of photosensitizer-conjugated cotton fibers and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers dyed with disperse dyes. A small library of TC blended fabrics was constructed wherein the PET fibers were embedded with traditional disperse dyes dominating the fabric color, thereby enabling variable color expression, while the cotton fibers were covalently coupled with the photosensitizer thionine acetate as the microbicidal agent. Physical (SEM, CLSM, TGA, XPS and mechanical strength) and colorimetric (K/S and CIELab values) characterization methods were employed to investigate the resultant fabrics, and photooxidation studies with DPBF demonstrated the ability of these materials to generate reactive oxygen species (i.e., singlet oxygen) upon visible light illumination. The best results demonstrated a photodynamic inactivation of 99.985% (~ 3.82 log unit reduction, P = 0.0021) against Gram-positive S. aureus, and detection limit inactivation (99.99%, 4 log unit reduction, P ≤ 0.0001) against Gram-negative E. coli upon illumination with visible light (60 min; ~ 300 mW/cm2; λ ≥ 420 nm). Enveloped human coronavirus 229E showed a photodynamic susceptibility of ~ 99.99% inactivation after 60 min illumination (400-700 nm, 65 ± 5 mW/cm2). The presence of the disperse dyes on the fabrics showed no significant effects on the aPDI results, and furthermore, appeared to provide the photosensitizer with some measure of protection from photobleaching, thus improving the photostability of the dual-dyed fabrics. Taken together, these results suggest the feasibility of low cost, scalable and color variable thionine-conjugated TC blended fabrics as potent self-disinfecting textiles.

Project description:BackgroundThe biological degradation of plastics is a promising method to counter the increasing pollution of our planet with artificial polymers and to develop eco-friendly recycling strategies. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a thermoplast industrially produced from fossil feedstocks since the 1940s, nowadays prevalently used in bottle packaging and textiles. Although established industrial processes for PET recycling exist, large amounts of PET still end up in the environment-a significant portion thereof in the world's oceans. In 2016, Ideonella sakaiensis, a bacterium possessing the ability to degrade PET and use the degradation products as a sole carbon source for growth, was isolated. I. sakaiensis expresses a key enzyme responsible for the breakdown of PET into monomers: PETase. This hydrolase might possess huge potential for the development of biological PET degradation and recycling processes as well as bioremediation approaches of environmental plastic waste.ResultsUsing the photosynthetic microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a chassis we generated a microbial cell factory capable of producing and secreting an engineered version of PETase into the surrounding culture medium. Initial degradation experiments using culture supernatant at 30 °C showed that PETase possessed activity against PET and the copolymer polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) with an approximately 80-fold higher turnover of low crystallinity PETG compared to bottle PET. Moreover, we show that diatom produced PETase was active against industrially shredded PET in a saltwater-based environment even at mesophilic temperatures (21 °C). The products resulting from the degradation of the PET substrate were mainly terephthalic acid (TPA) and mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET) estimated to be formed in the micromolar range under the selected reaction conditions.ConclusionWe provide a promising and eco-friendly solution for biological decomposition of PET waste in a saltwater-based environment by using a eukaryotic microalga instead of a bacterium as a model system. Our results show that via synthetic biology the diatom P. tricornutum indeed could be converted into a valuable chassis for biological PET degradation. Overall, this proof of principle study demonstrates the potential of the diatom system for future biotechnological applications in biological PET degradation especially for bioremediation approaches of PET polluted seawater.

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Integrating Nano-Cu₂O@ZrP into In Situ Polymerized Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Fibers with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Antibacterial Activities.

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