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Anionic Polymer Brushes for Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Mineralization-A Surface with Application Potential in Biomaterials.

ABSTRACT: This article describes the synthesis of anionic polymer brushes and their mineralization with calcium phosphate. The brushes are based on poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt) providing a highly charged polymer brush surface. Homogeneous brushes with reproducible thicknesses are obtained via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Mineralization with doubly concentrated simulated body fluid yields polymer/inorganic hybrid films containing AB-Type carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP), a material resembling the inorganic component of bone. Moreover, growth experiments using Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae demonstrate that the mineral-free and the mineral-containing polymer brushes have a good biocompatibility suggesting their use as biocompatible surfaces in implantology or related fields.

SUBMITTER: Mai T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6403983 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A biomimetic calcium phosphate nanowire coating on titanium surface enhances osteoimmunomodulation and osteointegration

Project description:The appropriate immune microenvironment plays crucial roles in bone regeneration. Surface structure and chemisty are key factors affecting immune cells behaivor and subsequently regulating the activity of bone-related cells. To achieve rapid osteointegration, this study prepared a biomimetic calcium phosphate (CaP) coating on Ti-based substrates (THCaP) with the help of oleic acid under hydrothermal condition. The coating was composed of hydroxyapatite nanowires and further self-assembled into macropores. Also, the effect of the biomimetic CaP coating on the immune response of macrophages and the impact on angiogenesis and osteogenesis were investigated. In vitro cell culture results showed that compared with pristine Ti and similar titanate nanowire structure (TH), THCaP not only stimulated the polarization of macrophages towards to pro-healing M2 phenotype, but also enhanced the angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation of endothelial cells and preosteoblastic cells, respectively. Especially, macrophages on THCaP induced a favorable immune microenvironment and further facilitated the osteogenic diffferention of preosteoblastic cells. In vivo tests confirmed the aforementioned results, which proved that the implanted THCaP could decrease the inflammatory response and facilitate new bone formation when compared with pristine Ti and TH implants. These findings indicate that preparation of biomimetic CaP network structure is a promising strategy to surface design of Ti-based substrates, which is beneficial to generate a favorable osteoimmunomodulatory microenvironment for enhancing osteointegration.

2024-03-01 | GSE250308 | GEO

Controlling the strontium-doping in calcium phosphate microcapsules through yeast-regulated biomimetic mineralization.

Project description:Yeast cells have controllable biosorption on metallic ions during metabolism. However, few studies were dedicated to using yeast-regulated biomimetic mineralization process to control the strontium-doped positions in calcium phosphate microcapsules. In this study, the yeast cells were allowed to pre-adsorb strontium ions metabolically and then served as sacrificing template for the precipitation and calcination of mineral shell. The pre-adsorption enabled the microorganism to enrich of strontium ions into the inner part of the microcapsules, which ensured a slow-release profile of the trace element from the microcapsule. The co-culture with human marrow stromal cells showed that gene expressions of alkaline phosphatase and Collagen-I were promoted. The promotion of osteogenic differentiation was further confirmed in the 3D culture of cell-material complexes. The strategy using living microorganism as 'smart doping apparatus' to control incorporation of trace element into calcium phosphate paved a pathway to new functional materials for hard tissue regeneration.

| S-EPMC5043151 | biostudies-literature

Electrodeposition on nanofibrous polymer scaffolds: Rapid mineralization, tunable calcium phosphate composition and topography.

Project description:We developed a straightforward, fast, and versatile technique to fabricate mineralized nanofibrous polymer scaffolds for bone regeneration in this work. Nanofibrous poly(l-lactic acid) scaffolds were fabricated using both electrospinning and phase separation techniques. An electrodeposition process was designed to deposit calcium phosphate on the nanofibrous scaffolds. Such scaffolds contain a high quality mineral coating on the fiber surface with tunable surface topography and chemical composition by varying the processing parameters, which can mimic the composition and structure of natural bone extracellular matrix and provide a more biocompatible interface for bone regeneration.

| S-EPMC3111928 | biostudies-literature

Lactoferrin/Calcium Phosphate-Modified Porous Ti by Biomimetic Mineralization: Effective Infection Prevention and Excellent Osteoinduction.

Project description:The surface modification of titanium (Ti) can enhance the osseointegration and antibacterial properties of implants. In this study, we modified porous Ti discs with calcium phosphate (CaP) and different concentrations of Lactoferrin (LF) by biomimetic mineralization and examined their antibacterial effects and osteogenic bioactivity. Firstly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the fluorescent tracing method, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the releasing kinetics of LF were utilized to characterize the modified Ti surface. Then, the antibacterial properties against S. sanguis and S. aureus were investigated. Finally, in vitro cytological examination was performed, including evaluations of cell adhesion, cell differentiation, extracellular matrix mineralization, and cytotoxicity. The results showed that the porous Ti discs were successfully modified with CaP and LF, and that the LF-M group (200 μg/mL LF in simulated body fluid) could mildly release LF under control. Further, the LF-M group could effectively inhibit the adhesion and proliferation of S. sanguis and S. aureus and enhance the osteogenic differentiation in vitro with a good biocompatibility. Consequently, LF-M-modified Ti may have potential applications in the field of dental implants to promote osseointegration and prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis.

| S-EPMC7923298 | biostudies-literature

Thermoresponsive Brushes Facilitate Effective Reinforcement of Calcium Phosphate Cements.

Project description:Calcium phosphate ceramics are frequently applied to stimulate regeneration of bone in view of their excellent biological compatibility with bone tissue. Unfortunately, these bioceramics are also highly brittle. To improve their toughness, fibers can be incorporated as the reinforcing component for the calcium phosphate cements. Herein, we functionalize the surface of poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers with thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes of tunable thickness to improve simultaneously fiber dispersion and fiber-matrix affinity. These brushes shift from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behavior at temperatures above their lower critical solution temperature of 32 °C. This dual thermoresponsive shift favors fiber dispersion throughout the hydrophilic calcium phosphate cements (at 21 °C) and toughens these cements when reaching their hydrophobic state (at 37 °C). The reinforcement efficacy of these surface-modified fibers was almost double at 37 versus 21 °C, which confirms the strong potential of thermoresponsive fibers for reinforcement of calcium phosphate cements.

| S-EPMC6676411 | biostudies-literature

Biomimetic Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Native Tendon for Soft-Hard Interface Integration by Infiltration of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Precursors.

Project description:Soft and hard tissues possess distinct biological properties. Integrating the soft-hard interface is difficult due to the inherent non-osteogenesis of soft tissue, especially of anterior cruciate ligament and rotator cuff reconstruction. This property makes it difficult for tendons to be mineralized and integrated with bone in vivo. To overcome this challenge, a biomimetic mineralization strategy is employed to engineer mineralized tendons. The strategy involved infiltrating amorphous calcium phosphate precursors into collagen fibrils, resulting in hydroxyapatite deposition along the c-axis. The mineralized tendon presented characteristics similar to bone tissue and induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Additionally, the interface between the newly formed bone and tendon is serrated, suggesting a superb integration between the two tissues. This strategy allows for biomineralization of tendon collagen and replicating the hallmarks of the bone matrix and extracellular niche, including nanostructure and inherent osteoinductive properties, ultimately facilitating the integration of soft and hard tissues.

| S-EPMC10700236 | biostudies-literature

Biomimetic Coating of Hydroxyapatite on Glycerol Phosphate-Conjugated Polyurethane via Mineralization.

Project description:In this study, glycerol phosphate was introduced into polyurethane (PU) to promote the coating stability of hydroxyapatite (HA) during its mineralization on the PU surface. Glycerol phosphate was successfully conjugated with the PU chain during polymerization. Phosphate groups in glycerol phosphate accelerated the nucleation of HA under calcium phosphate ion-rich conditions (concentrated simulated body fluid), resulting in the enhancement of structural stability. The robust interface between HA and PU also improved mechanical properties. Hydrophilic phosphate groups and bioactive HA improved in vitro cellular responses in terms of the attachment and proliferation of L929 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. Thus, the highly elastic and bioactive PU-gp-HA could be a promising candidate for tissue engineering applications that experience frequent deformation, including diverse cartilage replacements.

| S-EPMC6044611 | biostudies-literature

Surface wave excitations and backflow effect over dense polymer brushes.

Project description:Polymer brushes are being increasingly used to tailor surface physicochemistry for diverse applications such as wetting, adhesion of biological objects, implantable devices and much more. Here we perform Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulations to study the behaviour of dense polymer brushes under flow in a slit-pore channel. We discover that the system displays flow inversion at the brush interface for several disconnected ranges of the imposed flow. We associate such phenomenon to collective polymer dynamics: a wave propagating on the brush surface. The relation between the wavelength, the amplitude and the propagation speed of the flow-generated wave is consistent with the solution of the Stokes equations when an imposed traveling wave is assumed as the boundary condition (the famous Taylor's swimmer).

| S-EPMC4792148 | biostudies-literature

Renewable Fabric Surface-Initiated ATRP Polymerizations: Towards Mixed Polymer Brushes.

Project description:A totally new approach in the synthesis of mixed polymer brushes tethered on polyamide (PA) surfaces is presented herein. As a proof of concept, two types of homopolymers were synthesized in sequential surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) reactions: poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) and polystyrene /poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate). The ATRP initiator was immobilized on the surface through PA chain-end groups in two subsequent steps, separated by homo-polymerizations. The amount of the PA chains' end groups available on the modified surface was tuned by the thermal rearrangement of the surface.

| S-EPMC7153387 | biostudies-literature

Quantifying Strain via Buckling Instabilities in Surface Modified Polymer Brushes.

Project description:A compressive strain applied to bilayer films (e.g. thin film adhered to a thick substrate) can lead to buckled or wrinkled morphologies, which has many important applications in stretchable electronics, anti-counterfeit technology, and high-precision micro and nano-metrology. A number of buckling-based metrology methods have been developed to quantify the residual stress and viscoelastic properties of polymer thin films. However, in some systems (e.g. solvent-induced swelling or thermal strain), the compressive strain is unknown or difficult to measure. We present a quantitative method of measuring the compressive strain of wrinkled polymer films and coatings with knowledge of the "skin" thickness, wrinkle wavelength, and wrinkle amplitude. The derived analytical expression is validated with a well-studied model system, e.g., stiff, thin film (PS) bonded to a thick, compliant substrate (PDMS). After validation, we use our expression to quantify the applied swelling strain of previously reported wrinkled poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) brush surfaces. Finally, the applied strain is used to rationalize the observed persistence length of aligned wrinkles created during atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography and subsequent solvent exposure.

| S-EPMC7580055 | biostudies-literature

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