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Reduction of Pressure Gradient and Turbulence Using Vortex Generators in Prosthetic Heart Valves.

ABSTRACT: Blood damage and platelet activation are inherent problems with present day bi-leaflet mechanical heart valve designs. Passive flow control through different arrangements of vortex generators (VG) as means of improving pressure gradients and reducing turbulence are investigated. Rectangular VG arrays were mounted on the downstream surfaces of a 23 mm 3D printed mechanical valve. The effect of VGs on the resulting flow structures were assessed under pulsatile physiological flow conditions where high resolution particle image velocimetry measurement was performed. The co-rotating VGs showed lower Reynolds shear stresses and improved pressure gradients (PG) compared with the counter-rotating ones and the no-VG control one (that showed higher turbulence). RSS was found 38.13?±?0.89, 12.95?±?0.32, 15.75?±?0.71, 24.54?±?0.84 and 16.33?±?0.58 Pa for the control, co-rotating VGs, 8 counter-rotating VGs, 4 far-spaced VGs and 4 closely-spaced VGs, respectively. PG of 10.45?±?0.94 mmHg was obtained with co-rotating VGs and the difference was significant compared with the other configurations (control 14.88?±?0.4 mmHg; 8 counter-rotating VGs 13.76?±?0.51 mmHg; 4 far-spaced VGs 13.84?±?0.09 mmHg; and 4 closely-spaced VGs 15.37?±?0.16 mmHg). Co-rotating VGs for this application induce a more delayed flow separation and a more homogenized and streamlined transition of flow compared with the counter-rotating VGs. Passive flow control techniques deployed on BHMVs is potentially beneficial as significant control of flow at small length scales without inducing large-scale design modifications of the valve.

SUBMITTER: Hatoum H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6408289 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reduction of Pressure Gradient and Turbulence Using Vortex Generators in Prosthetic Heart Valves.

Hatoum Hoda H Dasi Lakshmi P LP

Annals of biomedical engineering 20180912 1

Blood damage and platelet activation are inherent problems with present day bi-leaflet mechanical heart valve designs. Passive flow control through different arrangements of vortex generators (VG) as means of improving pressure gradients and reducing turbulence are investigated. Rectangular VG arrays were mounted on the downstream surfaces of a 23 mm 3D printed mechanical valve. The effect of VGs on the resulting flow structures were assessed under pulsatile physiological flow conditions where h ...[more]

PMID: 30209706

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Project description:BackgroundAdvances in surgical technique, prosthetic heart valve design, and anticoagulation have contributed to an overall improvement in morbidity and mortality in women with heart valve prostheses as well as increased feasibility of pregnancy. Previous work investigating the pregnancies of women with prosthetic valves has been directed largely toward understanding the influence of anticoagulation regimen. There has been little investigation on maternal and infant outcomes. The objective of this systematic review will be to assess the outcomes of pregnancy in women with heart valve prostheses in contemporary populations.Methods/designA systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library will be undertaken. Article titles and abstracts will be evaluated by two reviewers for potential relevance. Studies that include pregnancies occurring from 1995 onwards and where there are six or more pregnancies in women with heart valve prostheses included in the study population will be reviewed for potential inclusion. Primary outcomes of interest will be mortality (maternal and perinatal). Secondary outcomes will include other pregnancy outcomes. No language restrictions will be applied. Methodological quality and heterogeneity of studies will be assessed. Data extraction from identified articles will be undertaken by two independent reviewers using a uniform template. Meta-analyses will be performed to ascertain risk of adverse events and, where numbers are sufficient, by type of prosthesis and location as well as other subgroup analyses.DiscussionEstimates of the risk of adverse events in recent pregnancies of women with heart valve prosthesis will provide better information for counselling and decision making. Given the improvements in prognosis of heart valve prosthesis recipients and the paucity of definitive data regarding optimal pregnancy management for these women, review of this topic is pertinent.Review registrationThis protocol has been registered with the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) as number CRD42013006187, accessible online at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42013006187#.Utk7qNJ9Lf8.

Dataset Information

Reduction of Pressure Gradient and Turbulence Using Vortex Generators in Prosthetic Heart Valves.

Publications

Reduction of Pressure Gradient and Turbulence Using Vortex Generators in Prosthetic Heart Valves.

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