Black carbon and other light-absorbing impurities in snow in the Chilean Andes.

ABSTRACT: Vertical profiles of black carbon (BC) and other light-absorbing impurities were measured in seasonal snow and permanent snowfields in the Chilean Andes during Austral winters 2015 and 2016, at 22 sites between latitudes 18°S and 41°S. The samples were analyzed for spectrally-resolved visible light absorption. For surface snow, the average mass mixing ratio of BC was 15?ng/g in northern Chile (18-33°S), 28?ng/g near Santiago (a major city near latitude 33°S, where urban pollution plays a significant role), and 13?ng/g in southern Chile (33-41°S). The regional average vertically-integrated loading of BC was 207?µg/m2 in the north, 780?µg/m2 near Santiago, and 2500?µg/m2 in the south, where the snow season was longer and the snow was deeper. For samples collected at locations where there had been no new snowfall for a week or more, the BC concentration in surface snow was high (~10-100?ng/g) and the sub-surface snow was comparatively clean, indicating the dominance of dry deposition of BC. Mean albedo reductions due to light-absorbing impurities were 0.0150, 0.0160, and 0.0077 for snow grain radii of 100?µm for northern Chile, the region near Santiago, and southern Chile; respective mean radiative forcings for the winter months were 2.8, 1.4, and 0.6?W/m2. In northern Chile, our measurements indicate that light-absorption by impurities in snow was dominated by dust rather than BC.

SUBMITTER: Rowe PM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6408441 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature