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Examination of differences in health indicators between efficient and inefficient countries.

ABSTRACT: Objective:This study determined whether there is a statistically significant difference between efficient and inefficient Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in terms of health indicators using fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA). Methods:In the study, FDEA was performed with three input variables directly affecting health, four environmental factors considered to indirectly affect health, and two output variables. Literature research was used to determine appropriate variables. In FDEA, three different ?-cut levels were used. The hypotheses regarding whether there was a statistically significant difference between efficient and inefficient countries in input and output variables were tested for all ?-cut levels of upper bound efficiency values. Results:In terms of health indicators, 17 countries were efficient at ?-cut 0 and 0.5. At ?-cut 1, 18 countries were efficient. There was only a statistically significant difference between the efficient and inefficient countries in "the number of physicians." Conclusion:This study shows the number of physicians was the most important determinant affecting the efficiency of a country's healthcare system. Inefficient countries had a greater mean for number of physicians. Thus, inefficient countries consume more resources than efficient ones.

SUBMITTER: Yesilaydin G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6408629 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan-Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Examination of differences in health indicators between efficient and inefficient countries.

Yesilaydin Gozde G

Pakistan journal of medical sciences 20190101 1

<h4>Objective</h4>This study determined whether there is a statistically significant difference between efficient and inefficient Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in terms of health indicators using fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA).<h4>Methods</h4>In the study, FDEA was performed with three input variables directly affecting health, four environmental factors considered to indirectly affect health, and two output variables. Literature research was use ...[more]

PMID: 30881418

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Project description:Reports of inverse associations between breakfast frequency and indices of obesity are predominantly based on samples of children from high-income countries with limited socioeconomic diversity. Using data from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE), the present study examined associations between breakfast frequency and adiposity in a sample of 9-11-year-old children from 12 countries representing a wide range of geographic and socio-cultural variability.Multilevel statistical models were used to examine associations between breakfast frequency (independent variable) and adiposity indicators (dependent variables: body mass index (BMI) z-score and body fat percentage (BF%)), adjusting for age, sex, and parental education in 6941 children from 12 ISCOLE study sites. Associations were also adjusted for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns and sleep time in a sub-sample (n=5710). Where interactions with site were significant, results were stratified by site.Adjusted mean BMI z-score and BF% for frequent breakfast consumers were 0.45 and 20.5%, respectively. Frequent breakfast consumption was associated with lower BMI z-scores compared with occasional (P<0.0001, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.10-0.29) and rare (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 0.18-0.46) consumption, as well as lower BF% compared with occasional (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 0.86-1.99) and rare (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 1.07-2.76). Associations with BMI z-score varied by site (breakfast by site interaction; P=0.033): associations were non-significant in three sites (Australia, Finland and Kenya), and occasional (not rare) consumption was associated with higher BMI z-scores compared with frequent consumption in three sites (Canada, Portugal and South Africa). Sub-sample analyses adjusting for additional covariates showed similar associations between breakfast and adiposity indicators, but lacked site interactions.In a multinational sample of children, more frequent breakfast consumption was associated with lower BMI z-scores and BF% compared with occasional and rare consumption. Associations were not consistent across all 12 countries. Further research is required to understand global differences in the observed associations.

Project description:BackgroundThis scoping review is a further step to build up the Mental Health Surveillance System for Germany. It summarizes and analyzes indicators used or described in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for public mental health monitoring in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years.MethodsWe searched PubMed-MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Databases, and Google Scholar from 2000 to September 2022. The search used five general keyword categories: 1) "indicators/monitoring/surveillance" at the population level, 2) "mental/psychological," 3) "health/disorders," 4) "children and adolescents," and 5) 38 OECD countries. The search was complemented with an extensive grey literature search, including OECD public health institutions and an internet search using Google. A predefined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria was applied.ResultsOver 15,500 articles and documents were screened (scientific search N = 10,539, grey literature search more than 5,000). More than 700 articles and documents have been full-text assessed, with 382 being ultimately included. Out of 7,477 indicators extracted, an initial set of 6,426 indicators met our inclusion criteria for indicators. After consolidating duplicates and similar content, this initial set was categorized into 19 topics, resulting in a final set of 210 different indicators. The analysis highlighted an increasing interest in the topic since 2008, but indicators for the younger age, particularly those aged 0 to 2 years, were less readily available.ConclusionOur research provides a comprehensive understanding of the current state of mental health indicators for children and adolescents, identifying both (1) indicators of public mental health noted in a previous scoping review on adults and (2) new indicators specific to this age group. These findings contribute to the development of effective public health surveillance strategies for children and adolescents and inform future research in this field.

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Examination of differences in health indicators between efficient and inefficient countries.

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Examination of differences in health indicators between efficient and inefficient countries.

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