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Subdividing the Common Intertidal Hermit Crab Pagurus minutus Hess, 1865 (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) Based on Molecular, Morphological and Coloration Analyses.

ABSTRACT: Jibom Jung, Jongwoo Jung, and Won Kim (2018) A phylogenetic study was conducted to investigate whether distinct genetic groups are present within the East Asian Pagurus minutus. In this study, 167 individuals of P. minutus were collected along the coasts of South Korea, east coast of Honshu, west coast of Kyushu, Okinawa Islands of Japan, and Taiwan. The collection of P. minutus was divided into three groups based on the differences in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences and morphological and color characters: Major Group (MAG), Minor Group (MIG), and Taiwan-Okinawa Group (TOG). MAG commonly inhabits the entire coast of South Korea (except for the northeast coast), east coast of Honshu, and west coast of Kyushu in Japan. MIG predominantly inhabits the northeast coast of South Korea, while a small proportion inhabits the west coast of South Korea and west coast of Kyushu in Japan. TOG is restricted to Taiwan and the Okinawa Islands of Japan. The COI divergence among MAG, MIG, and TOG was larger than the minimum interspecific divergence of the other Pagurus species. Little ingroup COI divergences exist in the MAG and MIG, but distinct ingroup COI divergence is present between the two subgroups of TOG inhabiting Taiwan and Okinawa Islands. MAG, MIG, and TOG show minor differences among morphological characters. Each specimen of these three groups has distinguishing color patterns. These differences in molecular, morphological and color characters suggest that P. minutus are separated into three groups at the species level, and this subdivision of P. minutus shows that additional phylogenetic studies of other hermit crabs and common marine decapod species in East Asia are needed.

SUBMITTER: Jung J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6409908 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A new secretive, yet brightly colored hermit crab species of the family Paguridae, Pylopaguropsis mollymulleraesp. n., is fully described based on specimens from the reefs of Bonaire, Lesser Antilles, southern Caribbean Sea. Populations of this new species were discovered and photographed in the Bonaire National Marine Park under a large coral ledge, at a depth of 13.7 m, living in crevices known by scuba divers to serve as den to a pair of "flaming reef lobsters" Enoplometopus antillensis, or a "broad banded moray" Channomuraena vittata. This new species is only the second species of Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 known from the western Atlantic, the 20th named worldwide, and belongs in the teevana group of species of the genus. It is remarkably similar, and herein considered geminate, to the tropical eastern Pacific congener, Pylopaguropsis teevana (Boone, 1932), the two being characterized and uniquely different from all other species of the genus, by the striking and deeply excavated, scoop-like ventral surface of the chela of the right cheliped. Minor differences separate this new species from Pylopaguropsis teevana in the relative length of the antennal acicles (exceeding the corneas versus not exceeding the corneas in Pylopaguropsis teevana); dorsal armature of the right chela (smooth or with scattered minute tubercles versus with numerous small tubercles in Pylopaguropsis teevana); surface shape of the lateral face of the dactyl of right pereopod 3 (evenly convex versus flattened in Pylopaguropsis teevana); and coloration (red bright red stripes versus brown stripes in Pylopaguropsis teevana). The highly visible color pattern of bright red stripes on white background typical of decapods known to have cleaning symbioses with fish, dense setation on the flagella of the antennae, and preference for a crevicular habitat, combined with brief in situ nocturnal observations, suggests the possibility that Pylopaguropsis mollymullerae sp. n. engages in "cleaner" activities or functions as a "den commensal" with moray eels. The morphology and possible meaning of the observed behavior is discussed. A tabular summary of the distribution, habitat, and published information on all species of Pylopaguropsis is presented. Supplemental photographs and a video of live Pylopaguropsis mollymulleraesp. n. are included.

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Subdividing the Common Intertidal Hermit Crab Pagurus minutus Hess, 1865 (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) Based on Molecular, Morphological and Coloration Analyses.

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