Dataset Information

Environmental Compensation Effect and Synergistic Mechanism of Optimized Nitrogen Management Increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Indica Hybrid Rice.

ABSTRACT: Modern rice cultivation relies heavily upon inorganic nitrogen fertilization. Effective fertilizer management is key to sustainable agricultural development. Field and pot trials were conducted in 2014-2016, including a 15N-labeled urea pot experiment (2014) to investigate mechanism by which optimized nitrogen fertilizer application (OFA) increases nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE). Results showed that the applied nitrogen recovery efficiencies with OFA were 71.71%, 110.17%, and 51.38% higher than those obtained with traditional nitrogen fertilizer application (TFA) in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. These improvements are attributed mainly to the high recovery efficiency rates derived from spikelet-developing and spikelet-promoting fertilizer applications at the jointing stage and 15-20 d after jointing. Under OFA, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied at the early stages was half that used in TFA, which not only promoted the absorption of soil nitrogen, but also reduced nitrogen loss to the environment, as the NUE of basal and tillering fertilizer was only about 22%. Nitrogen applied during the panicle differentiation stage increased the expression of ATM1;1, a NH4 + transporter in roots. This effect significantly improved the uptake of nitrogen derived from fertilizer from jointing to heading stage. Up-regulation of the expression and activity of GS and GOGAT at the panicle differentiation and grain-filling stages promoted nitrogen translocation from vegetative organs to reproductive organs. The uptake of nitrogen derived from fertilizer increased from 22.51% in TFA to 35.58% in OFA. Nevertheless, rice absorbs most of the nitrogen it requires from the soil. The OFA treatment could effectively utilize the environmental compensation effect, promote the absorption and transport of nitrogen, and ultimately lead to improvement in NUE. Future research should aim to understand the soil nitrogen supply capacity in order to apply nitrogenous fertilizer in such a way that it sustains the nitrogen balance.

SUBMITTER: Zhou W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6410729 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Environmental Compensation Effect and Synergistic Mechanism of Optimized Nitrogen Management Increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Indica Hybrid Rice.

Zhou Wei W Yang Zhiping Z Wang Tao T Fu Yong Y Chen Yong Y Hu Binhua B Yamagishi Junko J Ren Wanjun W

Frontiers in plant science 20190304

Modern rice cultivation relies heavily upon inorganic nitrogen fertilization. Effective fertilizer management is key to sustainable agricultural development. Field and pot trials were conducted in 2014-2016, including a <sup>15</sup>N-labeled urea pot experiment (2014) to investigate mechanism by which optimized nitrogen fertilizer application (OFA) increases nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE). Results showed that the applied nitrogen recovery efficiencies with OFA were 71.71%, 110.17%, and 5 ...[more]

PMID: 30886623

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Project description:Determination of the optimal fertilization method is crucial to maximize nitrogen use efficiency and yield of different rice cultivars. Side-deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen, in conjunction with machine transplanting and subsequent topdressing, was applied to Indica-japonica hybrid rice 'Yongyou1540' (YY1540) and indica hybrid rice 'Tianyouhuazhan' (TYHZ). Four nitrogen treatments were applied in 2018 and 2019: traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen (T1), single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen (T2), and deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen and topdressing of 30% quick nitrogen at tillering (T3), or at panicle initiation (T4). Side-deep fertilization reduced the fertilizer application frequency without causing yield loss, T4 enhanced the yield of YY1540 by increasing the number of productive tillers and number of spikelets per panicle compared with T1, T2 and T3. The yield of TYHZ showed no significant difference among treatments. The T4 treatment decreased the number of tillers at the tilling peak stage and increased the percentage productive tillers and number of differentiated spikelets. Compared with the other treatments, T4 increased dry matter accumulation and leaf area index during panicle initiation and grain ripening, and contributed to enhanced nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization in YY1540. On average, nitrogen uptake and utilization in YY1540 were highest in T4, but no significant differences among treatments were observed in TYHZ. Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake from panicle initiation to heading of YY1540 were correlated with number of spikelets per panicle, but no significant correlations were observed for TYHZ. Supplementary topdressing with quick-release nitrogen at the panicle initiation stage was required to increase yield of indica-japonica hybrid rice, whereas single-dose deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen is satisfactory for the indica hybrid cultivar.

Project description:The important reason for the commercial value of hybrid rice suffering is due to excessive chalkiness, and the biosynthesis of starch and proteins is critical for regulating chalkiness; however, it is currently unclear how the application of N fertilizer affects grains to reduce their chalkiness and improve their quality. The 2019, 2020, and 2021 trials were conducted in a split-plot design, with high and low chalky varieties as the main plot and N fertilizer rate as the split-plot. The effects of fertilization with 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha-1 on the dynamic synthesis of starch, protein, and endogenous hormones and on the amino acid of hybrid indica rice kernels with different degrees of chalkiness were investigated. Grain physiological activity was higher in low-chalky varieties than in high-chalky varieties, and these physiological parameters were strongly associated with chalkiness formation. Higher N fertilization (150 and 225 kg N ha-1) significantly reduced the proportion of chalky grains (8.93-28.02%) and chalkiness (8.61-33.99%) compared with 75 kg N ha-1. Increased N fertilization decreased the activities of granule-bound starch synthase and starch-debranching enzyme, but significantly increased adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase, and starch-branching enzyme activities, synergistically improving glutamate synthetase and glutamine synthetase enzyme activities, which tended to support the synthesis of amylopectin, α-ketoglutarate, and 3-phosphoglyceric acid-derived amino acids in the endosperm cells of the grains; this favored starch and protein accumulation in the grains at 6-30 days after anthesis. Additionally, N application promoted the synthesis of endogenous hormones 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, gibberellins, and abscisic acid in grains. Hence, N fertilization reduced the rice chalkiness in hybrid indica rice varieties by balancing grain protein and starch composition and enhancing some endogenous hormone synthesis.

Project description:Recently, rice-aquatic animal integrated farming (RAAIF) has grown rapidly in China due to its favorable benefits and the lower application of pesticides and fertilizers. However, rice lodging occurs frequently under RAAIF, which restricts rice yield. We assumed that semi-deep water irrigation may cause weaker rice-lodging resistance since it is the most significant environmental factor for RAAIF that distinguishes it from rice monoculture. To investigate the response of rice stem lodging resistance to semi-deep water irrigation and its mechanism, three irrigation management modes, namely the typical high-yield irrigation model that is mainly based on swallow and wetting (CK), semi-deep water irrigation from the late tillering stage to the jointing stage (SDI1), and semi-deep water irrigation from the jointing stage to the middle grain-filling stage (SDI2), were conducted using three hybrid indica rice varieties: Shenliangyou136 (SLY136), Huiliangyousimiao (HLYSM), and Wanxiangyou982 (WXY982). Mechanics analysis indicated that the bending moment by the whole plant (WP) and the breaking strength (M) were both decreased by semi-deep water irrigation when compared with CK, while M presented a larger decreasing amplitude than WP, which induced the increased lodging index (LI) of rice, for all the tested varieties. SLY136 and HLYSM were affected more strongly by SDI1, whereas WXY982 was affected more strongly by SDI2. Significant weaker breaking force under two semi-deep water irrigation modes contributed to the decreased M relative to CK. Morphology results showed that semi-deep water irrigation reduced the thickness of mechanical tissues, sclerenchyma cells, and parenchyma cells; reduced the number of vascular bundles; and caused a looser arrangement, inducing the lower fullness of the rice basal internode. Decreased accumulation of lignin and cellulose was also linked to the weaker breaking force of the basal internode under semi-deep water irrigation, which was verified by correlation analysis. WXY982 had obvious lower structural carbohydrates content under semi-deep water irrigation than the other two varieties and thus showed worse breaking force and LI. In conclusion, the worse mechanical strength of the rice basal internode under semi-deep water irrigation was closely associated with weaker vascular bundle development and suppressed structural carbohydrate accumulation, and the decreasing degree of lodging resistance varied between rice varieties and semi-deep water irrigation periods.

Dataset Information

Environmental Compensation Effect and Synergistic Mechanism of Optimized Nitrogen Management Increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Indica Hybrid Rice.

Publications

Environmental Compensation Effect and Synergistic Mechanism of Optimized Nitrogen Management Increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Indica Hybrid Rice.

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