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New Insights on Arabidopsis thaliana Root Adaption to Ammonium Nutrition by the Use of a Quantitative Proteomic Approach.

ABSTRACT: Nitrogen is an essential element for plant nutrition. Nitrate and ammonium are the two major inorganic nitrogen forms available for plant growth. Plant preference for one or the other form depends on the interplay between plant genetic background and environmental variables. Ammonium-based fertilization has been shown less environmentally harmful compared to nitrate fertilization, because of reducing, among others, nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions. However, ammonium nutrition may become a stressful situation for a wide range of plant species when the ion is present at high concentrations. Although studied for long time, there is still an important lack of knowledge to explain plant tolerance or sensitivity towards ammonium nutrition. In this context, we performed a comparative proteomic study in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown under exclusive ammonium or nitrate supply. We identified and quantified 68 proteins with differential abundance between both conditions. These proteins revealed new potential important players on root response to ammonium nutrition, such as H?-consuming metabolic pathways to regulate pH homeostasis and specific secondary metabolic pathways like brassinosteroid and glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways.

SUBMITTER: Coleto I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6412517 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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New Insights on <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Root Adaption to Ammonium Nutrition by the Use of a Quantitative Proteomic Approach.

Coleto Inmaculada I Vega-Mas Izargi I Glauser Gaetan G González-Moro María Begoña MB Marino Daniel D Ariz Idoia I

International journal of molecular sciences 20190214 4

Nitrogen is an essential element for plant nutrition. Nitrate and ammonium are the two major inorganic nitrogen forms available for plant growth. Plant preference for one or the other form depends on the interplay between plant genetic background and environmental variables. Ammonium-based fertilization has been shown less environmentally harmful compared to nitrate fertilization, because of reducing, among others, nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions. However, ammonium nutrition may bec ...[more]

PMID: 30769801

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Project description:An improvement in photosynthetic rate promotes the growth of crop plants. The sink-regulation of photosynthesis is crucial in optimizing nitrogen fixation and integrating it with carbon balance. Studies on these processes are essential in understanding growth inhibition in plants with ammonium ( NH4+ ) syndrome. Hence, we sought to investigate the effects of using nitrogen sources with different states of reduction (during assimilation of NO3- versus NH4+ ) on the photosynthetic performance of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results demonstrated that photosynthetic functioning during long-term NH4+ nutrition was not disturbed and that no indication of photoinhibition of PSII was detected, revealing the robustness of the photosynthetic apparatus during stressful conditions. Based on our findings, we propose multiple strategies to sustain photosynthetic activity during limited reductant utilization for NH4+ assimilation. One mechanism to prevent chloroplast electron transport chain overreduction during NH4+ nutrition is for cyclic electron flow together with plastid terminal oxidase activity. Moreover, redox state in chloroplasts was optimized by a dedicated type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase. In order to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the photosynthetic reaction centers and to facilitate photosynthetic protection during NH4+ nutrition, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and ample xanthophyll cycle pigments efficiently dissipate excess excitation. Additionally, high redox load may be dissipated in other metabolic reactions outside of chloroplasts due to the direct export of nucleotides through the malate/oxaloacetate valve. Mitochondrial alternative pathways can downstream support the overreduction of chloroplasts. This mechanism correlated with the improved growth of A. thaliana with the overexpression of the alternative oxidase 1a (AOX1a) during NH4+ nutrition. Most remarkably, our findings demonstrated the capacity of chloroplasts to tolerate NH4+ syndrome instead of providing redox poise to the cells.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Root gravitropsim has been proposed to require the coordinated, redistribution of the plant signaling molecule auxin within the root meristem, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. PIN proteins are membrane transporters that mediate the efflux of auxin from cells. The PIN2 is important for the basipetal transport of auxin in roots and plays a critical role in the transmission of gravity signals perceived in the root cap to the root elongation zone. The loss of function pin2 mutant exhibits a gravity-insensitive root growth phenotype. By comparing the proteomes of wild type and the pin2 mutant root tips under different gravitational conditions, we hope to identify proteins involved in the gravity-related signal transduction. RESULTS:To identify novel proteins involved in the gravity signal transduction pathway we have carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis pin2 mutant and wild type (WT) roots subjected to different gravitational conditions. These conditions included horizontal (H) and vertical (V) clinorotation, hypergravity (G) and the stationary control (S). Analysis of silver-stained two-dimensional SDS-PAGE gels revealed 28 protein spots that showed significant expression changes in altered gravity (H or G) compared to control roots (V and S). Whereas the majority of these proteins exhibited similar expression patterns in WT and pin2 roots, a significant number displayed different patterns of response between WT and pin2 roots. The latter group included 11 protein spots in the H samples and two protein spots in the G samples that exhibited an altered expression exclusively in WT but not in pin2 roots. One of these proteins was identified as annexin2, which was induced in the root cap columella cells under altered gravitational conditions. CONCLUSIONS:The most interesting observation in this study is that distinctly different patterns of protein expression were found in WT and pin2 mutant roots subjected to altered gravity conditions. The data also demonstrate that PIN2 mutation not only affects the basipetal transport of auxin to the elongation zone, but also results in an altered expression of proteins in the root columella.

Dataset Information

New Insights on Arabidopsis thaliana Root Adaption to Ammonium Nutrition by the Use of a Quantitative Proteomic Approach.

Publications

New Insights on <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Root Adaption to Ammonium Nutrition by the Use of a Quantitative Proteomic Approach.

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