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Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insight into differential transmission of two begomoviruses by a whitefly.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Viruses in the genus Begomovirus (Family Geminiviridae) include many important economic plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci species complex. In general, different begomoviruses may be acquired and transmitted by the same whitefly species with different efficiencies. For example, the species Mediterranean (MED) in this whitefly species complex transmits tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) at a higher efficiency than papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNV). However, the proteomic responses of whitefly to the infection of different begomoviruses remain largely unknown. METHODS:We used iTRAQ-based proteomics coupled with RT-qPCR to investigate and compare responses of the MED whitefly to the infection of TYLCV and PaLCuCNV. RESULTS:Totally, 259, 395 and 74 differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the comparisons of TYLCV-infected vs. un-infected, PaLCuCNV-infected vs. un-infected, and TYLCV-infected vs. PaLCuCNV-infected whiteflies, respectively. These proteins appear associated with catabolic process, metabolic process, transport, defense response, cell cycle, and receptor. The comparisons of TYLCV-infected vs. un-infected and PaLCuCNV-infected vs. un-infected shared some similar DEPs, indicating possible involvement of laminin subunit alpha, dystroglycan, integrin alpha-PS2 and cuticle proteins in viral transport as well as the role of putative defense proteins 3 and PITH in anti-viral response. However, 20S proteasome subunits associated with regulation of virus degradation and accumulation were up-regulated in PaLCuCNV-infected but not in TYLCV-infected whiteflies, which may be related to the constraints of PaLCuCNV accumulation in MED. CONCLUSIONS:These findings provide valuable clues for unravelling the roles of some whitefly proteins in begomovirus transmission.

SUBMITTER: Zhao J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6413443 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insight into differential transmission of two begomoviruses by a whitefly.

Zhao Jing J Chi Yao Y Zhang Xin-Jia XJ Lei Teng T Wang Xiao-Wei XW Liu Shu-Sheng SS

Virology journal 20190311 1

<h4>Background</h4>Viruses in the genus Begomovirus (Family Geminiviridae) include many important economic plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci species complex. In general, different begomoviruses may be acquired and transmitted by the same whitefly species with different efficiencies. For example, the species Mediterranean (MED) in this whitefly species complex transmits tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) at a higher efficiency than papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLC ...[more]

PMID: 30857562

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Project description:The majority of plant viruses are vectored by arthropods via persistent-circulative or noncirculative transmission. Previous studies have shown that specific binding sites for noncirculative viruses reside within the stylet or foregut of insect vectors, whereas the transmission mechanisms of circulative viruses remain ambiguous. Here we report the critical roles of whitefly primary salivary glands (PSGs) in the circulative transmission of two begomoviruses. The Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex efficiently transmits both Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), whereas the Mediterranean (MED) species transmits TYLCV but not TYLCCNV. PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments showed that TYLCCNV efficiently penetrates the PSGs of MEAM1 but not MED whiteflies. When a fragment of the coat protein of TYLCCNV was exchanged with that of TYLCV, mutated TYLCCNV accumulated in the PSGs of MED whiteflies, while mutant TYLCV was nearly undetectable. Confocal microscopy revealed that virion transport in PSGs follows specific paths to reach secretory cells in the central region, and the accumulation of virions in the secretory region of PSGs was correlated with successful virus transmission. Our findings demonstrate that whitefly PSGs, in particular the cells around the secretory region, control the specificity of begomovirus transmission.Over 75% of plant viruses are transmitted by insects. However, the mechanisms of virus transmission by insect vectors remain largely unknown. Begomoviruses and whiteflies are a complex of viruses and vectors which threaten many crops worldwide. We investigated the transmission of two begomoviruses by two whitefly species. We show that specific cells of the whitefly primary salivary glands control viral transmission specificity and that virion transport in the glands follows specific paths to reach secretory cells in the central region and then to reach the salivary duct. Our results indicate that the secretory cells in the central region of primary salivary glands determine the recognition and transmission of begomoviruses. These findings set a foundation for future research not only on circulative plant virus transmission but also on other human and animal viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors.

Project description:Grain-filling of rice spikelets (particularly for the later flowering inferior spikelets) is an important characteristic that affects both quality and yield. Rice ratooning technology is used to cultivate a second crop from dormant buds that sprout from stubble left after the first harvest. This study used two rice varieties, the conventional indica rice 'Jinhui 809' and the hybrid indica-japonica rice 'Yongyou 1540', to assess the impact of rice ratooning on grain-filling. The results indicated that the grain-filling process in inferior spikelets of ratoon season rice (ISR) showed significant improvement compared to inferior spikelets of main crop (late season) rice (ISL). This improvement was evident in the earlier onset of rapid grain-filling, higher seed-setting percentage, and improved grain quality. A label-free quantitative proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry identified 1724 proteins with significant abundance changes, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms behind the improved grain-filling in ISR. The functional analysis of these proteins indicated that ratooning stimulated the metabolic processes of sucrose-starch, trehalose, and hormones in rice inferior spikelets, leading to enhanced enzyme activities related to starch synthesis, elevated concentrations of trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) during the active grain-filling phase. This research highlighted the importance of the GF14f protein as a key regulator in the grain-filling process of ISR. It revealed that GF14f transcriptional and protein levels declined more rapidly in ISR compared to ISL during grain-filling. Additionally, the GF14f-RNAi plants specific to the endosperm exhibited improved quality in inferior spikelets. These findings suggest that the enhancement of starch synthesis, increased levels of IAA, ZR, and T6P, along with the rapid decrease in GF14f protein, play a role in enhancing grain-filling in ratoon season rice.

Project description:Begomoviruses are transmitted by several cryptic species of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in a persistent and circulative manner. Upon virus acquisition and circulative translocation within the whitefly, a multitude of molecular interactions occur. This study investigated the differentially expressed transcript profiles associated with the acquisition of the Old World monopartite begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and two New World bipartite begomoviruses, sida golden mosaic virus (SiGMV) and cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), in two invasive B. tabaci cryptic species, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED). A total of 881 and 559 genes were differentially expressed in viruliferous MEAM1 and MED whiteflies, respectively, compared with their non-viruliferous counterparts, of which 146 genes were common between the two cryptic species. For both cryptic species, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with TYLCV and SiGMV acquisition were higher compared with DEGs associated with CuLCrV acquisition. Pathway analysis indicated that the acquisition of begomoviruses induced differential changes in pathways associated with metabolism and organismal systems. Contrasting expression patterns of major genes associated with virus infection and immune systems were observed. These genes were generally overexpressed and underexpressed in B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED adults, respectively. Further, no specific expression pattern was observed among genes associated with fitness (egg production, spermatogenesis, and aging) in viruliferous whiteflies. The weighted gene correlation network analysis of viruliferous B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED adults identified different hub genes potentially implicated in the vector competence and circulative tropism of viruses. Taken together, the results indicate that both vector cryptic species and the acquired virus species could differentially affect gene expression.

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Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insight into differential transmission of two begomoviruses by a whitefly.

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Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insight into differential transmission of two begomoviruses by a whitefly.

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