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Bacterial toxicity of biomimetic green zinc oxide nanoantibiotic: insights into ZnONP uptake and nanocolloid-bacteria interface.

ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to fill the critical gap of knowledge regarding the interaction between green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and bacterial interface. Wurtzite phase ZnONPs with a band gap energy of 3.28 eV were produced by exploiting a simple and green biosynthesis method using an inexpensive precursor of A. indica leaf extract and zinc nitrate. ZnONPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, DLS, TEM, and zeta-potential analysis. The primary size obtained was 26.3 nm (XRD) and 33.5 ± 6.5 nm (TEM), whereas, the secondary size was found to be 287 ± 5.2 nm with -32.8 ± 1.8 mV ?-potential denoting the physical colloid chemistry of ZnONPs. Crystallinity and the spherical morphology of ZnONPs were also evident with some sort of particle agglomeration. ZnONPs retained plant functional groups endorsing their hydrophilic character. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of ZnONPs was significant (p ? 0.05) and the MIC/MBC against most frequent clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 (MIC)/1.0 to 1.5 mg ml^-1 (MBC). The dissolution of ZnONPs to Zn²⁺ ions in a nutrient medium increased as a result of interaction with the bacterial surface and metabolites. Substantial surface binding of ZnONPs followed by intracellular uptake disrupted the cell morphology and caused obvious injury to the cell membrane. Interrupted bacterial growth kinetics, loss of cell respiration, enhanced production of intracellular ROS, and the leakage of the cytoplasmic content unequivocally suggested a strong interaction of ZnONPs with the exterior cell surface and intracellular components, eventually leading to cell death and destruction of biofilms. Overall, the results elucidated eco-friendly production of ZnONPs expressing a prominent interfacial correlation with bacteria and hence, prospecting the use of green ZnONPs as effective nanoantibiotics.

SUBMITTER: Ahmed B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6417486 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bacterial toxicity of biomimetic green zinc oxide nanoantibiotic: insights into ZnONP uptake and nanocolloid-bacteria interface.

Ahmed Bilal B Solanki Bushra B Zaidi Almas A Khan Mohammad Saghir MS Musarrat Javed J

Toxicology research 20181226 2

This study was aimed to fill the critical gap of knowledge regarding the interaction between green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and bacterial interface. Wurtzite phase ZnONPs with a band gap energy of 3.28 eV were produced by exploiting a simple and green biosynthesis method using an inexpensive precursor of <i>A. indica</i> leaf extract and zinc nitrate. ZnONPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, DLS, TEM, and zeta-potential analysis. The primary size obtaine ...[more]

PMID: 30997024

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Project description:PurposeThe study aimed to find an effective method for fungal-mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using endophytic fungal extracts and to evaluate the efficiency of synthesized ZnO NPs as antimicrobial and anticancerous agents.MethodsZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were produced from zinc nitrate hexahydrate with fungal filtrate by the combustion method. The spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), were used to characterize the obtained product. Antibacterial activity on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) samples was tested by broth microplate dilution technique. ZnO NPs antifungal activity was determined against plant pathogenic and regular contaminating fungi using the food-poison method. The anticancerous assay of the synthesized ZnO NPs was also investigated by cell uptake, MTT assay, and apoptosis assay.ResultsThe fungal synthesized ZnO NPs were pure, mainly hexagonal in shape and size range of 34-55 nm. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs could proficiently inhibit both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. ZnO NPs synthesized from fungal extract exhibited antifungal activity in a dose-dependent manner with a high percentage of mycelial inhibition. The cell uptake analysis of ZnO NPs suggests that a significant amount of ZnO NPs (1 μg/mL) was internalized without disturbing cancer cells' morphology. As a result, the synthesized ZnO NPs showed significant anticancer activity against cancer cells at 1 μg/mL concentration.ConclusionThis fungus-mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs is a simple, eco-friendly, and non-toxic method. Our results show that the synthesized ZnO NPs are an excellent novel antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of the antimicrobial, anticancerous action of ZnO NPs and their possible genotoxicity.

Project description:This article presents a state-of-the-art review and analysis of literature studies on the morphological structure, fabrication, cytotoxicity, and photocatalytic toxicity of zinc oxide nanostructures (nZnO) of mammalian cells. nZnO with different morphologies, e.g., quantum dots, nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotetrapods are toxic to a wide variety of mammalian cell lines due to in vitro cell-material interactions. Several mechanisms responsible for in vitro cytotoxicity have been proposed. These include the penetration of nZnO into the cytoplasm, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that degrade mitochondrial function, induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, and damage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lipid, and protein molecules. Otherwise, nZnO dissolve extracellularly into zinc ions and the subsequent diffusion of ions into the cytoplasm can create ROS. Furthermore, internalization of nZnO and localization in acidic lysosomes result in their dissolution into zinc ions, producing ROS too in cytoplasm. These ROS-mediated responses induce caspase-dependent apoptosis via the activation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (chop), and phosphoprotein p53 gene expressions. In vivo studies on a mouse model reveal the adverse impacts of nZnO on internal organs through different administration routes. The administration of ZnO nanoparticles into mice via intraperitoneal instillation and intravenous injection facilitates their accumulation in target organs, such as the liver, spleen, and lung. ZnO is a semiconductor with a large bandgap showing photocatalytic behavior under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. As such, photogenerated electron-hole pairs react with adsorbed oxygen and water molecules to produce ROS. So, the ROS-mediated selective killing for human tumor cells is beneficial for cancer treatment in photodynamic therapy. The photoinduced effects of noble metal doped nZnO for creating ROS under UV and visible light for killing cancer cells are also addressed.

Dataset Information

Bacterial toxicity of biomimetic green zinc oxide nanoantibiotic: insights into ZnONP uptake and nanocolloid-bacteria interface.

Publications

Bacterial toxicity of biomimetic green zinc oxide nanoantibiotic: insights into ZnONP uptake and nanocolloid-bacteria interface.

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