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Regulation of α-expansins genes in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds during post-osmopriming germination.

ABSTRACT: Seed osmopriming is a pre-sowing treatment that involves limitation of the seed water imbibition, so that pre-germinative metabolic activities proceed without radicular protrusion. This technique is used for improving germination rate, uniformity of seedling growth and hastening the time to start germination. In Arabidopsis thaliana, seed germination has been associated with the induction of enzymes involved in cell wall modifications, such as expansins. The α-expansins (EXPAs) are involved in cell wall relaxation and extension during seed germination. We used online tools to identify AtEXPA genes with preferential expression during seed germination and RT-qPCR to study the expression of five EXPA genes at different germination stages of non-primed and osmoprimed seeds. In silico promoter analysis of these genes showed that motifs similar to cis-acting elements related to abiotic stress, light and phytohormone responses are the most overrepresented in promoters of these AtEXPA genes, showing that their expression is likely be regulated by intrinsic developmental and environmental signals during Arabidopsis seed germination. The osmopriming conditioning had a decreased time and mean to 50% germination without affecting the percentage of final seed germination. The dried PEG-treated seeds showed noticeable high mRNA levels earlier at the beginning of water imbibition (18 h), showing that transcripts of all five EXPA isoforms were significantly produced during the osmopriming process. The strong up-regulation of these AtEXPA genes, mainly AtEXPA2, were associated with the earlier germination of the osmoprimed seeds, which qualifies them to monitor osmopriming procedures and the advancement of germination.

SUBMITTER: Ferreira Ribas A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6419704 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundSeed germination involves progression from complete metabolic dormancy to a highly active, growing seedling. Many factors regulate germination and these interact extensively, forming a complex network of inputs that control the seed-to-seedling transition. Our understanding of the direct regulation of gene expression and the dynamic changes in the epigenome and small RNAs during germination is limited. The interactions between genome, transcriptome and epigenome must be revealed in order to identify the regulatory mechanisms that control seed germination.ResultsWe present an integrated analysis of high-resolution RNA sequencing, small RNA sequencing and MethylC sequencing over ten developmental time points in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, finding extensive transcriptomic and epigenomic transformations associated with seed germination. We identify previously unannotated loci from which messenger RNAs are expressed transiently during germination and find widespread alternative splicing and divergent isoform abundance of genes involved in RNA processing and splicing. We generate the first dynamic transcription factor network model of germination, identifying known and novel regulatory factors. Expression of both microRNA and short interfering RNA loci changes significantly during germination, particularly between the seed and the post-germinative seedling. These are associated with changes in gene expression and large-scale demethylation observed towards the end of germination, as the epigenome transitions from an embryo-like to a vegetative seedling state.ConclusionsThis study reveals the complex dynamics and interactions of the transcriptome and epigenome during seed germination, including the extensive remodelling of the seed DNA methylome from an embryo-like to vegetative-like state during the seed-to-seedling transition. Data are available for exploration in a user-friendly browser at https://jbrowse.latrobe.edu.au/germination_epigenome .

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Regulation of α-expansins genes in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds during post-osmopriming germination.

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