Dataset Information

Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over the last 130,000 y.

ABSTRACT: Glacial-interglacial variations in CO2 and methane in polar ice cores have been attributed, in part, to changes in global wetland extent, but the wetland distribution before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 ka to 18 ka) remains virtually unknown. We present a study of global peatland extent and carbon (C) stocks through the last glacial cycle (130 ka to present) using a newly compiled database of 1,063 detailed stratigraphic records of peat deposits buried by mineral sediments, as well as a global peatland model. Quantitative agreement between modeling and observations shows extensive peat accumulation before the LGM in northern latitudes (>40°N), particularly during warmer periods including the last interglacial (130 ka to 116 ka, MIS 5e) and the interstadial (57 ka to 29 ka, MIS 3). During cooling periods of glacial advance and permafrost formation, the burial of northern peatlands by glaciers and mineral sediments decreased active peatland extent, thickness, and modeled C stocks by 70 to 90% from warmer times. Tropical peatland extent and C stocks show little temporal variation throughout the study period. While the increased burial of northern peats was correlated with cooling periods, the burial of tropical peat was predominately driven by changes in sea level and regional hydrology. Peat burial by mineral sediments represents a mechanism for long-term terrestrial C storage in the Earth system. These results show that northern peatlands accumulate significant C stocks during warmer times, indicating their potential for C sequestration during the warming Anthropocene.

SUBMITTER: Treat CC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6421451 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over the last 130,000 y.

Treat Claire C CC Kleinen Thomas T Broothaerts Nils N Dalton April S AS Dommain René R Douglas Thomas A TA Drexler Judith Z JZ Finkelstein Sarah A SA Grosse Guido G Hope Geoffrey G Hutchings Jack J Jones Miriam C MC Kuhry Peter P Lacourse Terri T Lähteenoja Outi O Loisel Julie J Notebaert Bastiaan B Payne Richard J RJ Peteet Dorothy M DM Sannel A Britta K ABK Stelling Jonathan M JM Strauss Jens J Swindles Graeme T GT Talbot Julie J Tarnocai Charles C Verstraeten Gert G Williams Christopher J CJ Xia Zhengyu Z Yu Zicheng Z Väliranta Minna M Hättestrand Martina M Alexanderson Helena H Brovkin Victor V

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20190225 11

Glacial-interglacial variations in CO<sub>2</sub> and methane in polar ice cores have been attributed, in part, to changes in global wetland extent, but the wetland distribution before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 ka to 18 ka) remains virtually unknown. We present a study of global peatland extent and carbon (C) stocks through the last glacial cycle (130 ka to present) using a newly compiled database of 1,063 detailed stratigraphic records of peat deposits buried by mineral sediments, as we ...[more]

PMID: 30804186

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Project description:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Few phylogeographic studies have been undertaken of species confined to narrow, linear coastal systems where past sea level and geomorphological changes may have had a profound effect on species population sizes and distributions. In this study, a phylogeographic analysis was conducted of Eucalyptus gomphocephala (tuart), a tree species restricted to a 400 × 10 km band of coastal sand-plain in south west Australia. Here, there is little known about the response of coastal vegetation to glacial/interglacial climate change, and a test was made as to whether this species was likely to have persisted widely through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), or conforms to a post-LGM dispersal model of recovery from few refugia. METHODS:The genetic structure over the entire range of tuart was assessed using seven nuclear (21 populations; n = 595) and four chloroplast (24 populations; n = 238) microsatellite markers designed for eucalypt species. Correlative palaeodistribution modelling was also conducted based on five climatic variables, within two LGM models. KEY RESULTS:The chloroplast markers generated six haplotypes, which were strongly geographically structured (GST = 0·86 and RST = 0·75). Nuclear microsatellite diversity was high (overall mean HE 0·75) and uniformly distributed (FST = 0·05), with a strong pattern of isolation by distance (r(2) = 0·362, P = 0·001). Distribution models of E. gomphocephala during the LGM showed a wide distribution that extended at least 30 km westward from the current distribution to the palaeo-coastline. CONCLUSIONS:The chloroplast and nuclear data suggest wide persistence of E. gomphocephala during the LGM. Palaeodistribution modelling supports the conclusions drawn from genetic data and indicates a widespread westward shift of E. gomphocephala onto the exposed continental shelf during the LGM. This study highlights the importance of the inclusion of complementary, non-genetic data (information on geomorphology and palaeoclimate) to interpret phylogeographic patterns.

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Dataset Information

Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over the last 130,000 y.

Publications

Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over the last 130,000 y.

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