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Identification of phenol- and p-cresol-producing intestinal bacteria by using media supplemented with tyrosine and its metabolites.

ABSTRACT: To identify intestinal bacteria that produce phenols (phenol and p-cresol), we screened 153 strains within 152 species in 44 genera by culture-based assay using broth media supplemented with 200 µM each of tyrosine and its predicted microbial metabolic intermediates (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, DL-4-hydroxyphenyllactate, 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate and 4-hydroxybenzoate). Phenol-producing activity was found in 36 strains and p-cresol-producing activity in 55 strains. Sixteen strains had both types of activity. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains that produced 100 µM or more of phenols revealed that 16 phenol producers belonged to the Coriobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae and Clostridium clusters I and XIVa; four p-cresol-producing bacteria belonged to the Coriobacteriaceae and Clostridium clusters XI and XIVa; and one strain producing both belonged to the Coriobacteriaceae. A genomic search for protein homologs of enzymes involved in the metabolism of tyrosine to phenols in 10 phenol producers and four p-cresol producers, the draft genomes of which were available in public databases, predicted that phenol producers harbored tyrosine phenol-lyase or hydroxyarylic acid decarboxylase, or both, and p-cresol producers harbored p-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase or tyrosine lyase, or both. These results provide important information about the bacterial strains that contribute to production of phenols in the intestine.

SUBMITTER: Saito Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6424909 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Identification of phenol- and p-cresol-producing intestinal bacteria by using media supplemented with tyrosine and its metabolites.

Saito Yuki Y Sato Tadashi T Nomoto Koji K Tsuji Hirokazu H

FEMS microbiology ecology 20180901 9

To identify intestinal bacteria that produce phenols (phenol and p-cresol), we screened 153 strains within 152 species in 44 genera by culture-based assay using broth media supplemented with 200 µM each of tyrosine and its predicted microbial metabolic intermediates (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, DL-4-hydroxyphenyllactate, 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate and 4-hydroxybenzoate). Phenol-producing activity was found in 36 strains and p-cresol-producing activity in 55 strains. Sixte ...[more]

PMID: 29982420

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Project description:Urolithins are intestinal microbial metabolites produced from ellagitannin- and ellagic acid-containing foods such as walnuts, strawberries, and pomegranates. These metabolites, better absorbed than their precursors, can contribute significantly to the beneficial properties attributed to the polyphenols ellagitannins and ellagic acid (EA). However, both the ability of producing the final metabolites in this catabolism (urolithins A, B and isourolithin A) and the health benefits associated with ellagitannin consumption differ considerably among individuals depending on their gut microbiota composition. Three human urolithin metabotypes have been previously described, i.e., metabotype 0 (urolithin non-producers), metabotype A (production of urolithin A as unique final urolithin) and metabotype B (urolithin B and/or isourolithin A are produced besides urolithin A). Although production of some intermediary urolithins has been recently attributed to intestinal species from Eggerthellaceae family named Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens and Gordonibacter pamelaeae, the identification of the microorganisms responsible for the complete transformation of EA into the final urolithins, especially those related to metabotype B, are still unknown. In the present research we illustrate the isolation of urolithin-producing strains from human feces of a healthy adult and their ability to transform EA into different urolithin metabolites, including isourolithin A. The isolates belong to a new genus from Eggerthellaceae family. EA transformation and urolithin production arisen during the stationary phase of the growth of the bacteria under anaerobic conditions. The HPLC-DAD-MS analyses demonstrated the sequential appearance of 3,8,9,10-tetrahydroxy-urolithin (urolithin M6), 3,8,9-trihydroxy-urolithin (urolithin C) and 3,9-dihydroxy-urolithin (isourolithin A) while 3,8-dihydroxy-urolithin (urolithin A) and 3-hydroxy-urolithin (urolithin B) were not detected. For the first time isourolithin A production capacity of pure strains has been described. The biological activity attributed to urolithins A and B and isourolithin A (anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties) explains the relevance of identifying these urolithin-producing bacteria as potential novel probiotics with applications in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Their human administration could improve the health benefits upon ellagitannin consumption, especially in metabotype 0 individuals. However, further research is necessary to probe well-established beneficial effects on the host and safety requirements before being considered among the next-generation probiotics.

Dataset Information

Identification of phenol- and p-cresol-producing intestinal bacteria by using media supplemented with tyrosine and its metabolites.

Publications

Identification of phenol- and p-cresol-producing intestinal bacteria by using media supplemented with tyrosine and its metabolites.

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