Dataset Information

Rapidly Spreading Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Among Older Males and Associated Factors: A Large-scale Prospective Cohort Study in Rural Southwest China.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Increasing risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) heterosexual transmission can raise the potential for a more diffuse and generalized epidemic. In response to the paucity of data on HIV incidence among heterosexuals in China, we conducted a large-scale, population-based cohort study located in rural southwest China.

Methods

Baseline enrollment for the study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 and follow-up at 12 months was from 2014 to 2015 among adults 20 years or older in 3 rural counties of Southwest China. Study participants were informed of the study by brochures and leaflets distributed in outreach activities. Interviews and blood collection were conducted in private rooms. Blood samples were tested for HIV infection.

Results

The HIV prevalence of the sample was 0.29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-0.30) (2063 of 722,795) among the total adult population of 1,090,296 potential participants 20 years or older at baseline. Of the 720,732 individuals who tested HIV-negative at baseline, 493,990 (69%) completed the follow-up. Overall HIV incidence was 2.73 (95% CI, 2.38-3.08) per 10,000 person-years (PY) (235 of 860,627 PY). Human immunodeficiency virus incidence was associated with males, older age, less than secondary schooling and not currently being married. Human immunodeficiency virus incidence was 71.28 (95% CI, 35.21-107.35) per 10,000 PY among males aged 50 to 69 years who had less than secondary schooling and were divorced or widowed. Heterosexual sex was the dominant transmission mode for HIV seroconversions (99.0%).

Conclusions

Older heterosexual males were at disproportionate risk of HIV infection. Health authorities in China need to develop and implement innovative interventions suitable for the broader population of older heterosexuals.

SUBMITTER: Chen H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6426354 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Rapidly Spreading Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Among Older Males and Associated Factors: A Large-scale Prospective Cohort Study in Rural Southwest China.

Chen Huanhuan H Wu Xinghua X Chen Li L Lu Huaxiang H Tang Zhenzhu Z Shen Zhiyong Z Pan Stephen W SW Ruan Yuhua Y Shao Yiming Y

Sexually transmitted diseases 20190401 4

<h4>Background</h4>Increasing risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) heterosexual transmission can raise the potential for a more diffuse and generalized epidemic. In response to the paucity of data on HIV incidence among heterosexuals in China, we conducted a large-scale, population-based cohort study located in rural southwest China.<h4>Methods</h4>Baseline enrollment for the study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 and follow-up at 12 months was from 2014 to 2015 among adults 20 years or old ...[more]

PMID: 30870324

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Project description:BackgroundOn April 7, 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency regarding the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Given the nation-wide spread of the coronavirus in major Japanese cities and the rapid increase in the number of cases with untraceable infection routes, large-scale monitoring for capturing the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Japan is urgently required.MethodsA chatbot-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19: Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And AN care seeking) was developed to surveil the Japanese epidemiological situation in real-time. COOPERA asked questions regarding personal information, location, preventive actions, COVID-19 related symptoms and their residence. Empirical Bayes estimates of the age-sex-standardized incidence rate and disease mapping approach using scan statistics were utilized to identify the geographical distribution of the symptoms in Tokyo and their spatial correlation r with the identified COVID-19 cases.FindingsWe analyzed 353,010 participants from Tokyo recruited from 27th March to 6th April 2020. The mean (SD) age of participants was 42.7 (12.3), and 63.4%, 36.4% or 0.2% were female, male, or others, respectively. 95.6% of participants had no subjective symptoms. We identified several geographical clusters with high spatial correlation (r = 0.9), especially in downtown areas in central Tokyo such as Shibuya and Shinjuku.InterpretationWith the global spread of COVID-19, medical resources are being depleted. A new system to monitor the epidemiological situation, COOPERA, can provide insights to assist political decision to tackle the epidemic. In addition, given that Japan has not had a strong lockdown policy to weaken the spread of the infection, our result would be useful for preparing for the second wave in other countries during the next flu season without a strong lockdown.FundingThe present work was supported in part by a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (H29-Gantaisaku-ippan-009).

Dataset Information

Rapidly Spreading Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Among Older Males and Associated Factors: A Large-scale Prospective Cohort Study in Rural Southwest China.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Rapidly Spreading Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Among Older Males and Associated Factors: A Large-scale Prospective Cohort Study in Rural Southwest China.

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