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Perception of incongruent audiovisual English consonants.

ABSTRACT: Causal inference-the process of deciding whether two incoming signals come from the same source-is an important step in audiovisual (AV) speech perception. This research explored causal inference and perception of incongruent AV English consonants. Nine adults were presented auditory, visual, congruent AV, and incongruent AV consonant-vowel syllables. Incongruent AV stimuli included auditory and visual syllables with matched vowels, but mismatched consonants. Open-set responses were collected. For most incongruent syllables, participants were aware of the mismatch between auditory and visual signals (59.04%) or reported the auditory syllable (33.73%). Otherwise, participants reported the visual syllable (1.13%) or some other syllable (6.11%). Statistical analyses were used to assess whether visual distinctiveness and place, voice, and manner features predicted responses. Mismatch responses occurred more when the auditory and visual consonants were visually distinct, when place and manner differed across auditory and visual consonants, and for consonants with high visual accuracy. Auditory responses occurred more when the auditory and visual consonants were visually similar, when place and manner were the same across auditory and visual stimuli, and with consonants produced further back in the mouth. Visual responses occurred more when voicing and manner were the same across auditory and visual stimuli, and for front and middle consonants. Other responses were variable, but typically matched the visual place, auditory voice, and auditory manner of the input. Overall, results indicate that causal inference and incongruent AV consonant perception depend on salience and reliability of auditory and visual inputs and degree of redundancy between auditory and visual inputs. A parameter-free computational model of incongruent AV speech perception based on unimodal confusions, with a causal inference rule, was applied. Data from the current study present an opportunity to test and improve the generalizability of current AV speech integration models.

SUBMITTER: Lalonde K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6428273 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:To obtain a coherent perception of the world, our senses need to be in alignment. When we encounter misaligned cues from two sensory modalities, the brain must infer which cue is faulty and recalibrate the corresponding sense. We examined whether and how the brain uses cue reliability to identify the miscalibrated sense by measuring the audiovisual ventriloquism aftereffect for stimuli of varying visual reliability. To adjust for modality-specific biases, visual stimulus locations were chosen based on perceived alignment with auditory stimulus locations for each participant. During an audiovisual recalibration phase, participants were presented with bimodal stimuli with a fixed perceptual spatial discrepancy; they localized one modality, cued after stimulus presentation. Unimodal auditory and visual localization was measured before and after the audiovisual recalibration phase. We compared participants' behavior to the predictions of three models of recalibration: (a) Reliability-based: each modality is recalibrated based on its relative reliability-less reliable cues are recalibrated more; (b) Fixed-ratio: the degree of recalibration for each modality is fixed; (c) Causal-inference: recalibration is directly determined by the discrepancy between a cue and its estimate, which in turn depends on the reliability of both cues, and inference about how likely the two cues derive from a common source. Vision was hardly recalibrated by audition. Auditory recalibration by vision changed idiosyncratically as visual reliability decreased: the extent of auditory recalibration either decreased monotonically, peaked at medium visual reliability, or increased monotonically. The latter two patterns cannot be explained by either the reliability-based or fixed-ratio models. Only the causal-inference model of recalibration captures the idiosyncratic influences of cue reliability on recalibration. We conclude that cue reliability, causal inference, and modality-specific biases guide cross-modal recalibration indirectly by determining the perception of audiovisual stimuli.

Project description:In audiovisual music perception, visual information from a musical instrument being played is available prior to the onset of the corresponding musical sound and consequently allows a perceiver to form a prediction about the upcoming audio music. This prediction in audiovisual music perception, compared to auditory music perception, leads to lower N1 and P2 amplitudes and latencies. Although previous research suggests that audiovisual experience, such as previous musical experience may enhance this prediction, a remaining question is to what extent musical experience modifies N1 and P2 amplitudes and latencies. Furthermore, corresponding event-related phase modulations quantified as inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) have not previously been reported for audiovisual music perception. In the current study, audio video recordings of a keyboard key being played were presented to musicians and non-musicians in audio only (AO), video only (VO), and audiovisual (AV) conditions. With predictive movements from playing the keyboard isolated from AV music perception (AV-VO), the current findings demonstrated that, compared to the AO condition, both groups had a similar decrease in N1 amplitude and latency, and P2 amplitude, along with correspondingly lower ITPC values in the delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands. However, while musicians showed lower ITPC values in the beta-band in AV-VO compared to the AO, non-musicians did not show this pattern. Findings indicate that AV perception may be broadly correlated with auditory perception, and differences between musicians and non-musicians further indicate musical experience to be a specific factor influencing AV perception. Predicting an upcoming sound in AV music perception may involve visual predictory processes, as well as beta-band oscillations, which may be influenced by years of musical training. This study highlights possible interconnectivity in AV perception as well as potential modulation with experience.

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Perception of incongruent audiovisual English consonants.

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