Dataset Information

Potential Functions of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome Inhabiting the Length of the Rat Digest Tract.

ABSTRACT: The rat is an important model animal used frequently in biological researches exploring the correlations between gut microbiome and a wide array of diseases. In this study, we used an extended ancestral-state reconstruction algorithm to predict the functional capabilities of the rat gastrointestinal microbiome. Our results indicate an apparent tendency toward metabolic heterogeneity along the longitudinal and transverse axes of the rat gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This heterogeneity was suggested by the enriched small-molecule transport activity and amino acid metabolism in the upper GIT, the aerobic energy metabolism in the stomach and the mucolysis-related metabolism in the lower GIT mucus layer. In contrast to prior results, many functional overlaps were observed when the gastrointestinal microbiomes of different hosts were compared. These overlaps implied that although both the biogeographic location and host genotype were prominent driving forces in shaping the gastrointestinal microbiota, the microbiome functions were similar across hosts when observed under similar physicochemical conditions at identical anatomical sites. Our work effectively complements the rat microbial biogeography dataset we released in 2017 and, thus, contributes to a better understanding and prediction of disease-related alterations in microbial community function.

SUBMITTER: Li D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6429386 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Potential Functions of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome Inhabiting the Length of the Rat Digest Tract.

Li Dongyao D Chen Haiqin H Zhao Jianxin J Zhang Hao H Chen Wei W

International journal of molecular sciences 20190312 5

The rat is an important model animal used frequently in biological researches exploring the correlations between gut microbiome and a wide array of diseases. In this study, we used an extended ancestral-state reconstruction algorithm to predict the functional capabilities of the rat gastrointestinal microbiome. Our results indicate an apparent tendency toward metabolic heterogeneity along the longitudinal and transverse axes of the rat gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This heterogeneity was suggest ...[more]

PMID: 30870968

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Project description:Background: The molecular basis of segment specific epithelial functions of the stomach and bowel has not been established. Regionally unique molecular properties of epithelial cells can be identified using cell-specific gene expression in each epithelial region by comparative mRNA analysis. Aim: To describe segment-specific epithelial mRNA content by comparative mRNA analysis of purified epithelial cell suspensions of stomach, small and large bowel. Results: 12% of all annotated genes show segment specific enrichment. The gastric (>3000 genes) and ileal (519 genes) mucosa show the most diverse expression profile. (a) Stomach: The gastric mucosa expresses the machinery for acid secretion, digestive enzyme release, and hormone release by gastric enteroendocrine cells. Associated with acid secretion is a specific set of K+, Cl-, and bicarbonate channels. Novel is a pathway for glucose and fatty acid sensing, iodine and glutamate uptake, and taurine synthesis. Specific sets of transcription factors control epithelial (Barx1, Runx) and enteroendocrine (FoxA2/N4) cell differentiation. (b) Small Bowel: This epithelium expresses genes coding for a unique fructose/glucose uptake and utilization mechanism. Enteroendocrine signalling to the gastric function is present. The upper portion expresses genes for iron uptake, bicarbonate secretion, and detoxification of food contents. Epithelial differentiation is transcriptionally controlled by Meis2/Pdx1 and Onecut 2. Expression of digestive enzymes, lipid/bile acid uptake and utilization increases distally. The ileal epithelium is also involved in innate and acquired immune defence, regulation of motility, and electrolyte and water re-absorption. Transcriptional regulation of enterocyte and goblet cell differentiation is mainly controlled by increasing expression of Cdx1 and 2. (c) Colon: This epithelium is mainly involved in Ca++-, K+, and water re-absorption, fatty acid uptake and sensing, and innate and acquired immune defence. Epithelial differentiation is controlled by Hox transcription factors in addition to Cdx1/2. Conclusion: This regional survey of gene expression by the GI tract epithelium reveals unique epithelial properties, raising several important questions as to the role of the proteins encoded in gut physiology.

Dataset Information

Potential Functions of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome Inhabiting the Length of the Rat Digest Tract.

Publications

Potential Functions of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome Inhabiting the Length of the Rat Digest Tract.

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