Dataset Information

A simple extension of inverted pendulum template to explain features of slow walking?.

ABSTRACT: Locomotion involves complex interactions between an organism and its environment. Despite these complex interactions, many characteristics of the motion of an animal's center of mass (COM) can be modeled using simple mechanical models such as inverted pendulum (IP) and spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) which employ a single effective leg to model an animal's COM. However, because these models are simple, they also have many limitations. We show that one limitation of IP and SLIP and many other simple mechanical models of locomotion is that they cannot model many observed features of locomotion at slow speeds. This limitation is due to the fact that the gravitational force is too strong, and, if unopposed, compels the animal to complete its stance in a relatively short time. We propose a new model, AS-IP (Angular Spring modulated Inverted Pendulum), in which the body is attached to the leg using springs which resist the leg's movement away from the vertical plane, and thus provides a means to model forces that effectively counter gravity. We show that AS-IP provides a mechanism by which an animal can tune its stance duration, and provide evidence that AS-IP is an excellent model for the motion of a fly's COM. More generally, we conclude that combining AS-IP with SLIP will greatly expand our ability to model legged locomotion over a range of speeds.

SUBMITTER: Biswas T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6429566 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

A simple extension of inverted pendulum template to explain features of slow walking<sup>✰</sup>.

Biswas Tirthabir T Rao Suhas S Bhandawat Vikas V

Journal of theoretical biology 20180820

Locomotion involves complex interactions between an organism and its environment. Despite these complex interactions, many characteristics of the motion of an animal's center of mass (COM) can be modeled using simple mechanical models such as inverted pendulum (IP) and spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) which employ a single effective leg to model an animal's COM. However, because these models are simple, they also have many limitations. We show that one limitation of IP and SLIP and many ot ...[more]

PMID: 30138629

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Project description:Stabilization of the CIP (Cart Inverted Pendulum) is an analogy to stick balancing on a finger and is an example of unstable tasks that humans face in everyday life. The difficulty of the task grows exponentially with the decrease of the length of the stick and a stick length of 32 cm is considered as a human limit even for well-trained subjects. Moreover, there is a cybernetic limit related to the delay of the multimodal sensory feedback (about 230 ms) that supports a feedback stabilization strategy. We previously demonstrated that an intermittent-feedback control paradigm, originally developed for modeling the stabilization of upright standing, can be applied with success also to the CIP system, but with values of the critical parameters far from the limiting ones (stick length 50 cm and feedback delay 100 ms). The intermittent control paradigm is based on the alternation of on-phases, driven by a proportional/derivative delayed feedback controller, and off-phases, where the feedback is switched off and the motion evolves according to the intrinsic dynamics of the CIP. In its standard formulation, the switching mechanism consists of a simple threshold operator: the feedback control is switched off if the current (delayed) state vector is closer to the stable than to the unstable manifold of the off-phase and is switched on in the opposite case. Although this simple formulation is effective for explaining upright standing as well as CIP balancing, it fails in the most challenging configuration of the CIP. In this work we propose a modification of the standard intermittent control policy that focuses on the explicit selection of switching times and is based on the phase reset of the estimated state vector at each switching time and on the simulation of an approximated internal model of CIP dynamics. We demonstrate, by simulating the modified intermittent control policy, that it can match the limits of human performance, while operating near the edge of instability.

Dataset Information

A simple extension of inverted pendulum template to explain features of slow walking?.

Publications

A simple extension of inverted pendulum template to explain features of slow walking<sup>✰</sup>.

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