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Highly Concentrated Alginate-Gellan Gum Composites for 3D Plotting of Complex Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.

ABSTRACT: In tissue engineering, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have brought considerable progress as they allow the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) structures with defined architecture. 3D plotting is a versatile, extrusion-based AM technology suitable for processing a wide range of biomaterials including hydrogels. In this study, composites of highly concentrated alginate and gellan gum were prepared in order to combine the excellent printing properties of alginate with the favorable gelling characteristics of gellan gum. Mixtures of 16.7 wt % alginate and 2 or 3 wt % gellan gum were found applicable for 3D plotting. Characterization of the resulting composite scaffolds revealed an increased stiffness in the wet state (15%?20% higher Young's modulus) and significantly lower volume swelling in cell culture medium compared to pure alginate scaffolds (~10% vs. ~23%). Cytocompatibility experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed that cell attachment was improved-the seeding efficiency was ~2.5?3.5 times higher on the composites than on pure alginate. Additionally, the composites were shown to support hMSC proliferation and early osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, print fidelity of highly concentrated alginate-gellan gum composites was comparable to those of pure alginate; after plotting and crosslinking, the scaffolds possessed improved qualities regarding shape fidelity, mechanical strength, and initial cell attachment making them attractive for tissue engineering applications.

SUBMITTER: Akkineni AR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6432352 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Highly Concentrated Alginate-Gellan Gum Composites for 3D Plotting of Complex Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.

Akkineni Ashwini Rahul AR Ahlfeld Tilman T Funk Alexander A Waske Anja A Lode Anja A Gelinsky Michael M

Polymers 20160426 5

In tissue engineering, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have brought considerable progress as they allow the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) structures with defined architecture. 3D plotting is a versatile, extrusion-based AM technology suitable for processing a wide range of biomaterials including hydrogels. In this study, composites of highly concentrated alginate and gellan gum were prepared in order to combine the excellent printing properties of alginate with the favorable gel ...[more]

PMID: 30979263

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Project description:Bioengineering scaffolds have been improved to achieve efficient regeneration of various damaged tissues. In this study, we attempted to fabricate mechanically and biologically activated 3D printed scaffold in which porous gelatin/hydroxyapatite (G/H) as a matrix material provided outstanding mechanical properties with recoverable behavior, and human placental extracts (hPE) embedded in the scaffold were used as bioactive components. Methods: Various cell types (human adipose-derived stem cells; hASCs, pre-osteoblast; MC3T3-E1, human endothelial cell line; EA.hy926, and human dermal fibroblast; hDFs) were used to assess the effect of the hPE on cellular responses. High weight fraction (~ 70 wt%) of hydroxyapatite (HA) in a gelatin solution supplemented with glycerol was used for the G/H scaffold fabrication, and the scaffolds were immersed in hPE for the embedding (G/H/hPE scaffold). The osteogenic abilities of the scaffolds were investigated in cultured cells (hASCs) assaying for ALP activity and expression of osteogenic genes. For the in vivo test, the G/H and G/H/hPE scaffolds were implanted in the rat mastoid obliteration model. Results: The G/H/hPE scaffold presented unique elastic recoverable properties, which are important for efficient usage of implantable scaffolds. The effects of G/H and G/H/hPE scaffold on various in vitro cell-activities including non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and cell proliferation were investigated. The in vitro results indicated that proliferation (G/H = 351.1 ± 13.3%, G/H/hPE = 430.9 ± 8.7% at day 14) and expression of osteogenic markers (ALP: 3.4-fold, Runx2: 3.9-fold, BMP2: 1.7-fold, OPN: 2.4-fold, and OCN: 4.8-fold at day 21) of hASCs grown in the G/H/hPE scaffold were significantly enhanced compared with that in cells grown in the G/H scaffold. In addition, bone formation was also observed in an in vivo model using rat mastoid obliteration. Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo results suggested that the G/H/hPE scaffold is a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering.

Dataset Information

Highly Concentrated Alginate-Gellan Gum Composites for 3D Plotting of Complex Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.

Publications

Highly Concentrated Alginate-Gellan Gum Composites for 3D Plotting of Complex Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.

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