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Dyslexia and age related effects in the neurometabolites concentration in the visual and temporo-parietal cortex.

ABSTRACT: Several etiological theories, in particular neuronal noise and impaired auditory sampling, predicted neurotransmission deficits in dyslexia. Neurometabolites also affect white matter microstructure, where abnormalities were previously reported in dyslexia. However findings from only few magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies using diverse age groups, different brain regions, data processing and reference scaling are inconsistent. We used MEGA-PRESS single-voxel spectroscopy in two ROIs: left temporo-parietal and occipital cortex in 36 adults and 52 children, where half in each group had dyslexia. Dyslexics, on average, had significantly lower total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA) than controls in the occipital cortex. Adults compared to children were characterized by higher choline and creatine in both areas, higher tNAA in left temporo-parietal and lower glutamate in the visual cortex, reflecting maturational changes in cortical microstructure and metabolism. Although the current findings do not support the proposed etiological theories of dyslexia, they show, for the first time, that tNAA, considered to be a neurochemical correlate of white matter integrity, is deficient in the visual cortex in both children and adults with dyslexia. They also point that several neurotransmitters, including ones previously used as reference, change with age.

SUBMITTER: Kossowski B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6434036 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dyslexia and age related effects in the neurometabolites concentration in the visual and temporo-parietal cortex.

Kossowski Bartosz B Chyl Katarzyna K Kacprzak Agnieszka A Bogorodzki Piotr P Jednoróg Katarzyna K

Scientific reports 20190325 1

Several etiological theories, in particular neuronal noise and impaired auditory sampling, predicted neurotransmission deficits in dyslexia. Neurometabolites also affect white matter microstructure, where abnormalities were previously reported in dyslexia. However findings from only few magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies using diverse age groups, different brain regions, data processing and reference scaling are inconsistent. We used MEGA-PRESS single-voxel spectroscopy in two ROIs: left te ...[more]

PMID: 30911032

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Project description:Background: Age-related cognitive deficits negatively affect quality of life and can presage serious neurodegenerative disorders. Despite sleep disruption’s well-recognized negative influence on cognition, and its prevalence with age, surprisingly few studies have tested sleep’s relationship to cognitive aging. Methodology: We measured sleep stages in young adult and aged F344 rats during inactive (enhanced sleep) and active (enhanced wake) periods. Animals were behaviorally characterized on the Morris water maze and gene expression profiles of their parietal cortices were taken. Principal Findings: Water maze performance was impaired, and inactive period deep sleep was decreased with age. However, increased deep sleep during the active period was most strongly correlated to maze performance. Transcriptional profiles were strongly associated with behavior and age, and were validated against prior studies. Bioinformatic analysis revealed increased translation and decreased myelin/ neuronal pathways. Conclusions: The F344 rat appears to serve as a reasonable model for some common sleep architecture and cognitive changes seen with age in humans, including the cognitively disrupting influence of active period deep sleep. Microarray analysis suggests that the processes engaged by this sleep are consistent with its function. Thus, active period deep sleep appears temporally misaligned but mechanistically intact, leading to the following: first, aged brain tissue appears capable of generating the slow waves necessary for deep sleep, albeit at a weaker intensity than in young. Second, this activity, presented during the active period, seems disruptive rather than beneficial to cognition. Third, this active period deep sleep may be a cognitively pathologic attempt to recover age-related loss of inactive period deep sleep. Finally, therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing active period deep sleep (e.g., by promoting active period wakefulness and/or inactive period deep sleep) may be highly relevant to cognitive function in the aging community. KEYWORDS: frontal cortex, rat, young or aged We implanted young and aged Fischer 344 rats (n = 6/ group) with wireless EEG, EMG and movement monitoring devices to measure sleep architecture. Animals were trained in the Morris water maze to assess cognitive function, and frontal cortices were removed for microarray analysis.sleep disruption and cognitive decline.

Dataset Information

Dyslexia and age related effects in the neurometabolites concentration in the visual and temporo-parietal cortex.

Publications

Dyslexia and age related effects in the neurometabolites concentration in the visual and temporo-parietal cortex.

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