Dataset Information

The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years.

ABSTRACT: We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.

SUBMITTER: Olalde I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6436108 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years.

Olalde Iñigo I Mallick Swapan S Patterson Nick N Rohland Nadin N Villalba-Mouco Vanessa V Silva Marina M Dulias Katharina K Edwards Ceiridwen J CJ Gandini Francesca F Pala Maria M Soares Pedro P Ferrando-Bernal Manuel M Adamski Nicole N Broomandkhoshbacht Nasreen N Cheronet Olivia O Culleton Brendan J BJ Fernandes Daniel D Lawson Ann Marie AM Mah Matthew M Oppenheimer Jonas J Stewardson Kristin K Zhang Zhao Z Jiménez Arenas Juan Manuel JM Toro Moyano Isidro Jorge IJ Salazar-García Domingo C DC Castanyer Pere P Santos Marta M Tremoleda Joaquim J Lozano Marina M García Borja Pablo P Fernández-Eraso Javier J Mujika-Alustiza José Antonio JA Barroso Cecilio C Bermúdez Francisco J FJ Viguera Mínguez Enrique E Burch Josep J Coromina Neus N Vivó David D Cebrià Artur A Fullola Josep Maria JM García-Puchol Oreto O Morales Juan Ignacio JI Oms F Xavier FX Majó Tona T Vergès Josep Maria JM Díaz-Carvajal Antònia A Ollich-Castanyer Imma I López-Cachero F Javier FJ Silva Ana Maria AM Alonso-Fernández Carmen C Delibes de Castro Germán G Jiménez Echevarría Javier J Moreno-Márquez Adolfo A Pascual Berlanga Guillermo G Ramos-García Pablo P Ramos-Muñoz José J Vijande Vila Eduardo E Aguilella Arzo Gustau G Esparza Arroyo Ángel Á Lillios Katina T KT Mack Jennifer J Velasco-Vázquez Javier J Waterman Anna A Benítez de Lugo Enrich Luis L Benito Sánchez María M Agustí Bibiana B Codina Ferran F de Prado Gabriel G Estalrrich Almudena A Fernández Flores Álvaro Á Finlayson Clive C Finlayson Geraldine G Finlayson Stewart S Giles-Guzmán Francisco F Rosas Antonio A Barciela González Virginia V García Atiénzar Gabriel G Hernández Pérez Mauro S MS Llanos Armando A Carrión Marco Yolanda Y Collado Beneyto Isabel I López-Serrano David D Sanz Tormo Mario M Valera António C AC Blasco Concepción C Liesau Corina C Ríos Patricia P Daura Joan J de Pedro Michó María Jesús MJ Diez-Castillo Agustín A AA Flores Fernández Raúl R Francès Farré Joan J Garrido-Pena Rafael R Gonçalves Victor S VS Guerra-Doce Elisa E Herrero-Corral Ana Mercedes AM Juan-Cabanilles Joaquim J López-Reyes Daniel D McClure Sarah B SB Merino Pérez Marta M Oliver Foix Arturo A Sanz Borràs Montserrat M Sousa Ana Catarina AC Vidal Encinas Julio Manuel JM Kennett Douglas J DJ Richards Martin B MB Werner Alt Kurt K Haak Wolfgang W Pinhasi Ron R Lalueza-Fox Carles C Reich David D

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20190301 6432

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by pe ...[more]

PMID: 30872528

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Project description:BackgroundInbreeding is among the major concerns in management of local livestock populations. The effective population size of these populations tends to be small, which enhances the risk of fitness reduction and extinction. High-density SNP data make it possible to undertake novel approaches in conservation genetics of endangered breeds and wild populations.A total of 97 representative samples of domestic and wild pig populations from the Iberian Peninsula, subjected to different levels of threat with extinction, were genotyped with a 60 K SNP panel. Data analyses based on: (i) allele frequency differences; (ii) linkage disequilibrium and (iii) runs of homozygosity were integrated to study population relationships, inbreeding and demographic history.ResultsThe domestic pigs analyzed belonged to local Spanish and Portuguese breeds: Iberian ? including the variants Retinto Iberian, Negro Iberian and Manchado de Jabugo ?, Bisaro and Chato Murciano. The population structure and persistence of phase analysis suggested high genetic relations between Iberian variants, with recent crossbreeding of Manchado de Jabugo with other pig populations. Chato Murciano showed a high frequency of long runs of homozygosity indicating recent inbreeding and reflecting the recent bottleneck reported by historical records. The Chato Murciano and the Manchado de Jabugo breeds presented the lowest effective population sizes in accordance with their status of highly inbred breeds. The Iberian wild boar presented a high frequency of short runs of homozygosity indicating past small population size but no signs of recent inbreeding. The Iberian breed showed higher genetic similarities with Iberian wild boar than the other domestic breeds.ConclusionsHigh-density SNP data provided a consistent overview of population structure, demographic history and inbreeding of minority breeds and wild pig populations from the Iberian Peninsula. Despite the very different background of the populations used, we found a good agreement between the different analyses. Our results are also in agreement with historical reports and provide insight in the events that shaped the current genetic variation of pig populations from the Iberian Peninsula. The results exposed will aid to design and implement strategies for the future management of endangered minority pig breeds and wild populations.

Dataset Information

The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years.

Publications

The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years.

Similar Datasets

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