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Loancorhynchus catrillancai gen. et sp. nov., a new swordfish (Xiphioidei, Blochiidae) from the Middle Eocene of central Chile.

ABSTRACT: This contribution describes the skull remains of a swordfish (Perciformes, Xiphioidei), recovered from Middle Eocene beds of central Chile. Comparison with known fossil and extant xiphioids reveals derived traits only present in the Neogene swordfish Xiphias gladius (Xiphiidae, Xiphiinae), these being a elongated rostrum composed of premaxillaries and possible prenasals, a dorsoventrally high and slender hyomandibular-metapterygoid complex, and a rounded, convex operculum. Also, strong ridges and sulci are present in the dorsal part of the rostrum, a feature only present in the billfish genera Aglyptorhynchus and Xiphiorhynchus, and in the swordfish genus Blochius. In addition, the specimen also has villiform teeth in the rostrum and lower jaw, a feature previously documented only in the Paleocene genus Hemingwaya. Such a unique combination of characters in the specimen allows classifying it as a new genus and species, Loancorhynchus catrillancai. Phylogenetic analyses obtained Xiphiorhynchus outside the Xiphiidae, suggesting instead narrow relationships to the Paleocene-Eocene genera Hemingwaya + Palaeorhynchus + Homorhynchus. Loancorhynchus is obtained as an intermediate form between Xiphias and Blochius. The specimen represents the first Paleogene swordfish described in the southeastern Pacific.

SUBMITTER: Otero RA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6440463 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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<i>Loancorhynchus catrillancai</i> gen. et sp. nov., a new swordfish (Xiphioidei, Blochiidae) from the Middle Eocene of central Chile.

Otero Rodrigo A RA

PeerJ 20190326

This contribution describes the skull remains of a swordfish (Perciformes, Xiphioidei), recovered from Middle Eocene beds of central Chile. Comparison with known fossil and extant xiphioids reveals derived traits only present in the Neogene swordfish <i>Xiphias gladius</i> (Xiphiidae, Xiphiinae), these being a elongated rostrum composed of premaxillaries and possible prenasals, a dorsoventrally high and slender hyomandibular-metapterygoid complex, and a rounded, convex operculum. Also, strong ri ...[more]

PMID: 30941278

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Project description:Four novel strains were isolated: PWU4T and PWU20T were both from soil in Germany, PWU5T was isolated from soil in India and PWU37T was obtained from sheep faeces collected on the Island of Crete. Cells of each were observed to be Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod shaped, and to grow optimally between 28 and 34 °C, between pH 7.0 and 8.0 and without the addition of NaCl. The strains were found to be catalase and oxidase-negative and able to grow on most mono- and disaccharides, a few polysaccharides and organic acids. Their predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7. Their major fatty acids were identified as C16:1 ω7c (PWU4T and PWU20T) and C16:1 ω5c (PWU5T and PWU37T). The DNA G + C contents of strains PWU4T, PWU20T, PWU5T and PWU37T were determined to be 50.2 mol%, 51.6 mol %, 39.8 mol% and 53.8 mol%, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the close relatives Ohtaekwangia koreensis 3B-2T and Ohtaekwangia kribbensis 10AOT share less than 93.8% sequence similarity. The strains were classified in two groups, where PWU4T and PWU20T share 93.0% sequence similarity, and PWU5T and PWU37T share 97.5% sequence similarity. However, the members of each group were concluded to represent different species based on the low average nucleotide identity (ANI) of their genomes, 69.7% and 83.8%, respectively. We propose that the four strains represent four novel species of two new genera in the family Cytophagaceae. The type species of the novel genus Chryseosolibacter is Chryseosolibacter histidini gen. nov., sp. nov. with the type strain PWU4T (= DSM 111594T = NCCB 100798T), whilst strain PWU20T (= DSM 111597T = NCCB 100800T) is the type strain of a second species, Chryseosolibacter indicus sp. nov. The type species of the novel genus Dawidia is Dawidia cretensis gen. nov., sp. nov. with the type strain PWU5T (= DSM 111596T = NCCB 100799T), whilst strain PWU37T (= DSM 111595T = NCCB 100801T) is the type stain of a second species, Dawidia soli sp. nov.

Dataset Information

Loancorhynchus catrillancai gen. et sp. nov., a new swordfish (Xiphioidei, Blochiidae) from the Middle Eocene of central Chile.

Publications

<i>Loancorhynchus catrillancai</i> gen. et sp. nov., a new swordfish (Xiphioidei, Blochiidae) from the Middle Eocene of central Chile.

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