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Complex evolutionary trajectories of sex chromosomes across bird taxa.


ABSTRACT: Sex-specific chromosomes, like the W of most female birds and the Y of male mammals, usually have lost most genes owing to a lack of recombination. We analyze newly available genomes of 17 bird species representing the avian phylogenetic range, and find that more than half of them do not have as fully degenerated W chromosomes as that of chicken. We show that avian sex chromosomes harbor tremendous diversity among species in their composition of pseudoautosomal regions and degree of Z/W differentiation. Punctuated events of shared or lineage-specific recombination suppression have produced a gradient of "evolutionary strata" along the Z chromosome, which initiates from the putative avian sex-determining gene DMRT1 and ends at the pseudoautosomal region. W-linked genes are subject to ongoing functional decay after recombination was suppressed, and the tempo of degeneration slows down in older strata. Overall, we unveil a complex history of avian sex chromosome evolution.

SUBMITTER: Zhou Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6445272 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Complex evolutionary trajectories of sex chromosomes across bird taxa.

Zhou Qi Q   Zhang Jilin J   Bachtrog Doris D   An Na N   Huang Quanfei Q   Jarvis Erich D ED   Gilbert M Thomas P MT   Zhang Guojie G  

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20141211 6215


Sex-specific chromosomes, like the W of most female birds and the Y of male mammals, usually have lost most genes owing to a lack of recombination. We analyze newly available genomes of 17 bird species representing the avian phylogenetic range, and find that more than half of them do not have as fully degenerated W chromosomes as that of chicken. We show that avian sex chromosomes harbor tremendous diversity among species in their composition of pseudoautosomal regions and degree of Z/W differen  ...[more]

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