Dataset Information

Insight Into Dynamics of Gut Microbial Community of Broilers Fed With Fructooligosaccharides Supplemented Low Calcium and Phosphorus Diets.

ABSTRACT: We investigated how the microbiota in the ileum and cecum of broiler chickens fed a diet of low calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (aP) and prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) supplements changed over a 3 weeks period. Three dietary treatments were randomly assigned to four replicate cages of five birds each, including: positive control (PC), a wheat-corn-soybean meal-based diet; negative control (NC), as PC with 0.2% reduced Ca and aP; and NC + FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% of FOS. Ileal and cecal digesta were sampled from each replicate (n = 4) on d21 and processed for 16S rRNA gene amplicon (V4 region) sequencing using Illumina platform. Statistical differences were observed in the microbiome by GI location as determined by 2-way ANOVA and Permutational MANOVA. On average, 24,216 sequence reads per sample were generated resulting in 800 and 1,280 operational taxonomic units in the ileal and cecal digesta, respectively. Difference (P < 0.0001) on alpha diversity and abundances of several phyla was observed between ileal and cecal digesta. ß-diversity was different (P < 0.05) between each treatment groups in the ileum but not in the cecum. In the cecum, species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and the number of observed species were higher in PC compared to NC + FOS (P < 0.05). Several phyla, including Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, had significantly different abundance in the ileal and cecal digesta (P < 0.05). In the ileal digesta, positive correlation were observed between Salinibacterium and Lysobacter and PC diet. Blautia, Faecalibacterium and Pseudomonas and the NC diet and Lactobacillus and Escherichia and the NC + FOS diet. In the cecal digesta, Butyrivibrio, and Allobaculum were positively correlated to PC. Although, Clostridium and Anaerotruncus were positively correlated to NC + FOS, they showed negative correlation to PC and NC. The study concludes that dietary Ca and aP level and FOS supplementation alters ileal microbiota of the broiler chickens.

SUBMITTER: Kumar S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6449842 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Insight Into Dynamics of Gut Microbial Community of Broilers Fed With Fructooligosaccharides Supplemented Low Calcium and Phosphorus Diets.

Kumar Sanjay S Shang Yue Y Kim Woo Kyun WK

Frontiers in veterinary science 20190329

We investigated how the microbiota in the ileum and cecum of broiler chickens fed a diet of low calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (aP) and prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) supplements changed over a 3 weeks period. Three dietary treatments were randomly assigned to four replicate cages of five birds each, including: positive control (PC), a wheat-corn-soybean meal-based diet; negative control (NC), as PC with 0.2% reduced Ca and aP; and NC + FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% of FOS. Il ...[more]

PMID: 30984773

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Project description:Phytase supplementation in broiler diets is a common practice to improve phosphorus (P) availability and to reduce P loss by excretion. An enhanced P availability, and its concomitant supplementation with calcium (Ca), can affect the structure of the microbial community in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Here, we aim to distinguish the effects of mineral P, Ca, and phytase on the composition of microbial communities present in the content and the mucosa layer of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens. Significant differences were observed between digesta and mucosa samples for the GIT sections studied (p = 0.001). The analyses of 56 individual birds showed a high microbial composition variability within the replicates of the same diet. The average similarity within replicates of digesta and mucosa samples across all diets ranged from 29 to 82% in crop, 19-49% in ileum, and 17-39% in caeca. Broilers fed with a diet only supplemented with Ca had the lowest body weight gain and feed conversion values while diets supplemented with P showed the best performance results. An effect of each diet on crop mucosa samples was observed, however, similar results were not obtained from digesta samples. Microbial communities colonizing the ileum mucosa samples were affected by P supplementation. Caeca-derived samples showed the highest microbial diversity when compared to the other GIT sections and the most prominent phylotypes were related to genus Faecalibacterium and Pseudoflavonifractor, known for their influence on gut health and as butyrate producers. Lower microbial diversity in crop digesta was linked to lower growth performance of birds fed with a diet only supplemented with Ca. Each diet affected microbial communities within individual sections, however, no diet showed a comprehensive effect across all GIT sections, which can primarily be attributed to the great variability among replicates. The substantial community differences between digesta and mucosa derived samples indicate that both habitats have to be considered when the influence of diet on the gut microbiota, broiler growth performance, and animal health is investigated.

Project description:The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of 2 graded levels (0.03 and 0.05% of diet) of a monoglyceride blend containing butyric, caprylic, and capric acids in broilers' diet for optimizing gut structure and animal growth performance. For this purpose, a total of 210, one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 3 experimental treatments using 7 replicates each and 10 birds/replicate. The treatment groups involved supplementation of blend of short and medium chain fatty acids at the level of 0, 0.03, and 0.05% of the diet for 42 d. The incorporation of mixes of monoglycerides into broilers' diet linearly improved BWG between d 0 and 21 (P = 0.034). At the end of trial, however, no significant changes were observed in performance indexes (BWG, FI, FCR). Jejunal morphometric parameters (villus height, crypt depth, and their ratio) remained unaltered with the monoglyceride supplementation on d 21. The results further showed that monoglycerides supplementation increased the goblet cell counts along the jejunal villi (P = 0.034) and crypt regions (P = 0.022), as well as it effectively modulated the mRNA abundances of tight junction protein (ZO-1, P = 0.033) and nutrient transporters (SGLT, PePT1; P = 0.005, 0.023, respectively) in the jejunum. Moreover, the downregulation in mRNA abundance of TNFα (P = 0.030) was observed with the monoglyceride supplementation. The SCFAs analysis of cecal contents showed no notable differences with monoglyceride blend supplementation when compared to the unsupplemented group. Collectively, high goblet cell numbers in the jejunum along with downregulation of the mRNA abundances of pro-inflammatory cytokines, upregulation of tight junction proteins, and nutrient transporters showed favorable responses of low doses of monoglycerides blend in broiler feeding. Further studies should be conducted in different rearing conditions to examine the effectiveness of such low levels of a monoglyceride blend in the modulation of gut structure, its functionality and animal performance.

Project description:The hypothesis that dietary inclusion of microbial phytase improves apparent calcium (Ca) digestibility thereby allowing a lower dietary Ca inclusion without compromising growth performance was tested. One-day-old male Ross 308 broilers (25 birds/pen, 9 pens/treatment) were assigned to 8 experimental diets containing one of 4 dietary Ca to retainable P (rP) ratios (1.3, 1.8, 2.3, and 2.8) with (1,000 FTU/kg) or without microbial phytase. On d 21 to 23, digesta from different intestinal segments of 8 birds per pen were collected to determine apparent Ca and P digestibility. Mid duodenal mucosa was collected for expression of Ca (CaBP-D28k, PMCA1) and P (NaPi-IIb, PiT-1, PiT-2, and XPR1) transporters by RT-qPCR. Dietary phytase inclusion in low Ca/rP diets increased Ca digestibility in the distal ileum (Pinteraction = 0.023) but not the proximal or distal jejunum. Broilers receiving the lowest Ca/rP displayed the lowest body weight gain, highest feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001), and lowest tibia strength, irrespective of dietary phytase inclusion. Incremental dietary Ca/rP linearly reduced P digestibility to a greater extent in the absence of phytase in the distal jejunum and ileum (Pinteraction = 0.021 and 0.001, respectively). Incremental dietary Ca/rP linearly reduced serum P more in phytase-free diets (Pinteraction < 0.001), and lowered duodenal expression of P transporters NaPi-IIb, PiT-2, and XPR1 (P = 0.052, 0.071 and 0.028, respectively). Incremental dietary Ca/rP linearly increased (P < 0.001) serum Ca irrespective of phytase inclusion, accompanied by a lower (P < 0.001) duodenal expression of Ca transporters CaSR, CaBP-D28k and PMCA1 and Ca-pore forming claudins CLDN-2 and CLDN-12. Dietary phytase increased (P = 0.026) NaPi-IIb but reduced (P = 0.029) CLDN-2 expression. Incremental Ca/rP reduced Ca and P digestibility, increased serum Ca, lowered serum P and inhibited mRNA levels of Ca and P-related transporters, indicating that these transporters and CLDN contribute to the observed effect of dietary Ca and phytase on Ca and P absorption. Despite the improvement in Ca digestibility, dietary phytase did not restore the compromised growth performance and tibia strength of broilers fed a Ca-deficient diet, leading to rejection of the hypothesis.

Project description:Body phosphorus homeostasis network allows laying hens to adapt to wide range of changes in dietary phosphorus levels. Phytase hydrolyzes phytate rendering phosphorus and reduces the laying hens' requirements for inorganic phosphate rock. Here, we demonstrate that there is no need to keep large safety margins in dietary phosphorus when hens are fed with phytase. Hy-Line Brown laying hens (n = 504) were randomly assigned to 7 treatments (6 replicates of 12 birds). A corn-soybean meal-based diet, with no inorganic phosphate rock, was formulated to contain 0.12% nonphytate phosphorus (nPP), 3.8% calcium, and 2,000 FTU/kg phytase. Inorganic phosphate rock (di-calcium phosphate) was supplemented into the basal diet to create 6 other diets containing 0.17, 0.22, 0.27, 0.32, 0.37, and 0.42% nPP. Levels of calcium carbonate and zeolite powder were adjusted to make sure all the 7 experimental diets contained the same nutrition levels (including calcium and phytase) except nPP. The diets were subjected to laying hens from 29 to 40 wk of age. As a result, when supplemented with 2,000 FTU/kg phytase, extra supplementation of inorganic phosphate rock had no effects (P > 0.05) on serum phosphorus levels, serum calcium levels, laying performance (laying rate, egg weight, feed intake, feed-to-egg ratio, and unqualified egg rate), egg quality (shell thickness, shell strength, albumen height, yolk color, and Haugh unit), and tibia quality parameters (breaking strength and ash, calcium, and phosphorus contents). Extra supplementation of inorganic phosphate rock linearly increased (P < 0.01) fecal phosphorus excretion and linearly decreased (P = 0.032) the apparent metabolizability of dietary phosphorus. While serum hormones and intestine gene expressions were varied within treatments, no consistent changes were found. In conclusion, the supplementation of inorganic phosphate rock (provided 0.05-0.30% extra nPP) to phytase-containing basal diets (2,000 FTU/kg; nPP = 0.12%) provided limited benefits to egg production performance in laying hens from 29 to 40 wk of age. Further investigating the body phosphorus homeostasis would help to understand the nutritional and physiological reasonability of formulating low-phosphorus diets in the laying hen industry.

Project description:Correct supplementation of dietary amino acids, such as methionine (Met) and cystine (Cys), is crucial to support the exponential growth of broilers. Historically, most available recommendations with regard to the optimal amount of Met plus Cys are based on studies wherein DL-Met was used as the Met source. Nowadays, L-Met is available as a registered feed additive, urging the need to establish the optimal L-Met plus Cys supplementation. The objective of this trial was to investigate these optimal L-Met plus Cys requirements of broilers in the starter (0-10 d), grower (11-23 d), and finisher (24-35 d) phase of life separately. A basal diet deficient in L-Met plus Cys was created along with 6 other diets with increasing L-Met concentrations for each phase. Birds were only included in one life phase and fed with a commercial diet before inclusion. The BW, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (gain-to-feed ratio) were measured for all birds. Slaughter parameters were determined for birds included in the finisher phase. At the end of each study period, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in all measured performance parameters. Birds fed with the deficient diets were characterized by a lower performance, whereas from some point, no gain in performance could be observed. Correct supplementation of L-Met plus Cys seemed more crucial in the starter and grower phase, which was characterized by bigger differences in performance between test diets compared with the finisher birds. The optimal L-Met plus Cys requirements were determined using linear broken line and exponential asymptotic models. The linear broken line model showed overall the best fit. The optimal L-Met plus Cys level was found to be 0.69, 0.66, and 0.62% for birds in the starter, grower, and finisher phase, respectively. From this study, it could be concluded that broilers have lower L-Met plus Cys requirements based on L-Met supplementation than the conventional requirements based on DL-Met. Nevertheless, further research is required to confirm these findings.

Dataset Information

Insight Into Dynamics of Gut Microbial Community of Broilers Fed With Fructooligosaccharides Supplemented Low Calcium and Phosphorus Diets.

Publications

Insight Into Dynamics of Gut Microbial Community of Broilers Fed With Fructooligosaccharides Supplemented Low Calcium and Phosphorus Diets.

Similar Datasets

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