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Similar Immunological Profiles Between African Endemic and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Epidemic Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) Patients Reveal the Primary Role of KS-Associated Herpesvirus in KS Pathogenesis.


ABSTRACT:

Background

Kaposi sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is etiologically linked to all KS forms, but mechanisms underlying KS development are unclear. The incidence of KS in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected (HIV-1+) individuals implicates immune dysregulation; however, the lack of characterization of KSHV immune responses in endemic KS makes the role of HIV-1 unclear. The study objective was to investigate the HIV-1 and KSHV roles in viral nucleic acid detection, antibody responses, and cytokine responses in polymerase chain reaction-confirmed epidemic KS and endemic KS patients and non-cancer controls from sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

KSHV viral DNA (vDNA), total anti-KSHV antibody, KSHV neutralizing antibody (nAb), and cytokines were quantified.

Results

KSHV vDNA was detectable in tumors but variably in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Consistent with elevated antibody-associated cytokines (interleukin [IL] 6, IL-5, and IL-10), nAb titers were higher in epidemic KS and endemic KS patients than in controls (P < .05). Despite HIV-1 coinfection in epidemic KS, nAb titers were similar between epidemic KS and endemic KS patients (P = 0.3).

Conclusions

Similarities in antibody and cytokine responses between epidemic and endemic KS patients suggest that KSHV drives KS pathogenesis, whereas HIV-1 exacerbates it.

SUBMITTER: Lidenge SJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6452303 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Similar Immunological Profiles Between African Endemic and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Epidemic Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) Patients Reveal the Primary Role of KS-Associated Herpesvirus in KS Pathogenesis.

Lidenge Salum J SJ   Tso For Yue FY   Ngalamika Owen O   Ngowi John R JR   Mortazavi Yasaman Y   Kwon Eun Hee EH   Shea Danielle M DM   Minhas Veenu V   Mwaiselage Julius J   Wood Charles C   West John T JT  

The Journal of infectious diseases 20190401 8


<h4>Background</h4>Kaposi sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is etiologically linked to all KS forms, but mechanisms underlying KS development are unclear. The incidence of KS in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected (HIV-1+) individuals implicates immune dysregulation; however, the lack of characterization of KSHV immune responses in endemic KS makes the role of HIV-1 unclear. The study objective was to investigate the HIV-1 and KSHV roles in viral nucleic acid detection, antibod  ...[more]

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