Dataset Information

Geographic and Racial Disparities in Infant Hearing Loss.

ABSTRACT: Objective Approximately 1 to 2 of every 1000 American newborns has hearing loss identified by newborn screening. This study was designed to determine if infant hearing loss is more common in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. Study Design In this retrospective study, we analyzed electronic medical record data using geostatistical models. Setting Infants were residents of Durham County, North Carolina, born in 2 hospitals of the Duke University Health System. This county includes the city of Durham and surrounding suburban and rural communities. Subjects and Methods Subjects were hearing-screened newborns, born between 2005 and 2016, whose residential address was in Durham County, North Carolina. This was a retrospective study using medical record data. We used Bayesian regression models with smoothing of coordinate date to identify both spatial and nonspatial predictors of infant hearing loss. Results We identified 19,348 infants from Durham County, of whom 675 had failed initial hearing screening and 191 had hearing loss confirmed on follow-up. Hearing loss was significantly associated with minority race (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.97-3.06), as well as lower gestational age and maternal sexually transmitted infections. We identified significant geographic heterogeneity, with a higher probability of hearing loss in poorer urban neighborhoods (local OR range, 0.59-1.39). Neighborhood disadvantage was a significant predictor of hearing loss, as was high local seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) among pregnant women. Conclusions Urban, low-income neighborhoods have a high prevalence of infant hearing loss compared with more affluent surrounding communities, particularly among minorities. This distribution may be attributable to congenital CMV infection.

SUBMITTER: Lantos PM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6456438 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Geographic and Racial Disparities in Infant Hearing Loss.

Lantos Paul M PM Maradiaga-Panayotti Gabriela G Barber Xavier X Raynor Eileen E Tucci Debara D Hoffman Kate K Permar Sallie R SR Jackson Pearce P Hughes Brenna L BL Kind Amy A Swamy Geeta K GK

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 20181009 6

<h4>Objective</h4>Approximately 1 to 2 of every 1000 American newborns has hearing loss identified by newborn screening. This study was designed to determine if infant hearing loss is more common in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.<h4>Study design</h4>In this retrospective study, we analyzed electronic medical record data using geostatistical models.<h4>Setting</h4>Infants were residents of Durham County, North Carolina, born in 2 hospitals of the Duke University Health System. This ...[more]

PMID: 30296906

Similar Datasets

Project description:IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma disproportionately affects minorities. Southern states have high proportions of black populations and prevalence of known risk factors. Further research is needed to understand the role of southern geography in hepatocellular carcinoma disparities. This paper examined racial disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, demographics, tumor characteristics, receipt of treatment, and all-cause mortality in southern and non-southern cancer registries.MethodsSurveillance Epidemiology and End Results data were probed in 2015 to identify 43,868 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma from 2000 to 2012 (5,455 in southern registries [Atlanta, Louisiana, and Rural and Greater Georgia]).ResultsSouthern registries showed steeper increases of age-adjusted hepatocellular carcinoma incidence (from 2.89 to 5.29cases/100,000 people) versus non-southern areas (from 3.58 to 5.54cases/100,000 people). Blacks were over-concentrated in southern registries (32% vs 10%). Compared with whites, blacks were significantly younger at diagnosis, more likely diagnosed with metastasis, and less likely to receive surgical therapies in both registry groups. After adjustment, blacks had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with whites in southern (hazard ratio=1.10, p=0.007) and non-southern areas (hazard ratio=1.08, p<0.001). For overall populations, southern registries had higher risk of all-cause mortality versus non-southern registries (hazard ratio=1.13, p<0.001).ConclusionsAge-adjusted incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma are plateauing overall, but are still rising in southern areas. Race and geography had independent associations with all-cause mortality excess risk among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Further studies are needed to understand the root causes of potential mortality risk excess among overall populations with hepatocellular carcinoma living in the South.Supplement informationThis article is part of a supplement entitled African American Men's Health: Research, Practice, and Policy Implications, which is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.

Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate the race-stratified state-level prevalence of health determinants and the racial disparities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cumulative incidence and mortality in the United States.Patients and methodsThe age-adjusted race-stratified prevalence of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity), preexisting medical conditions (pulmonary disease, heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and malignant neoplasm), poor health behaviors (smoking, alcohol abuse, and physical inactivity), and adverse socioeconomic factors (education, household income, and health insurance) was computed in 435,139 American adult participants from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Correlation was assessed between health determinants and the race-stratified COVID-19 crude mortality rate and infection-fatality ratio computed from respective state public health departments in 47 states.ResultsBlacks had a higher prevalence of comorbidities (63.3%; 95% CI, 62.4% to 64.2% vs 55.1%; 95% CI, 54.7% to 55.5%) and adverse socioeconomic factors (47.0%; 95% CI, 46.0% to 47.9% vs 30.9%; 95% CI, 30.6% to 31.3%) than did whites. The prevalence of preexisting medical conditions was similar in blacks (30.4%; 95% CI, 28.8% to 32.1%) and whites (30.8%; 95% CI, 30.2% to 31.4%). The prevalence of poor health behaviors was higher in whites (57.2%; 95% CI, 56.3% to 58.0%) than in blacks (50.2%; 95% CI,46.2% to 54.2%). Comorbidities and adverse socioeconomic factors were highest in the southern region, and poor health behaviors were highest in the western region. The cumulative incidence rate (per 100,000 persons) was 3-fold higher in blacks (1546.4) than in whites (540.4). The crude mortality rate (per 100,000 persons) was 2-fold higher in blacks (83.2) than in whites (33.2). However, the infection-fatality ratio (per 100 cases) was similar in whites (6.2) and blacks (5.4). Within racial groups, the geographic distribution of health determinants did not correlate with the state-level COVID-19 mortality and infection-fatality ratio (P>.05 for all).ConclusionRacial disparities in COVID-19 are largely driven by the higher cumulative incidence of infection in blacks. There is a discordance between the geographic dispersion of COVID-19 mortality and the regional distribution of health determinants.

Project description:ObjectiveTo study the magnitude and direction of city-level racial and ethnic differences in poverty and education to characterise health equity and social determinants of health in California cities.DesignWe used data from the American Community Survey, United States Census Bureau, 2006-2010, and calculated differences in the prevalence of poverty and low educational attainment in adults by race/ethnicity and by census tracts within California cities. For race/ethnicity comparisons, when the referent group (p2) to calculate the difference (p1-p2) was the non-Hispanic White population (considered a historically advantaged group), a positive difference was considered a health inequity. Differences with a non-White reference group were considered health disparities.SettingCities of the State of California, USA.ResultsWithin-city differences in the prevalence of poverty and low educational attainment disfavoured Black and Latinos compared with Whites in over 78% of the cities. Compared with Whites, the median within-city poverty difference was 7.0% for Latinos and 6.2% for Blacks. For education, median within-city difference was 26.6% for Latinos compared with Whites. In a small, but not negligible proportion of cities, historically disadvantaged race/ethnicity groups had better social determinants of health outcomes than Whites. The median difference between the highest and lowest census tracts within cities was 14.3% for poverty and 15.7% for low educational attainment. Overall city poverty rate was weakly, but positively correlated with within-city racial/ethnic differences.ConclusionsDisparities and inequities are widespread in California. Local health departments can use these findings to partner with cities in their jurisdiction and design strategies to reduce racial, ethnic and geographic differences in economic and educational outcomes. These analytic methods could be used in an ongoing surveillance system to monitor these determinants of health.

Dataset Information

Geographic and Racial Disparities in Infant Hearing Loss.

Publications

Geographic and Racial Disparities in Infant Hearing Loss.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets