Dataset Information

Surface Immobilization of TiO2 Nanotubes with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Synergistically Enhances Initial Preosteoblast Adhesion and Osseointegration.

ABSTRACT: Although titanium (Ti) alloys have been widely used as implant materials, the bioinertness of pristine Ti impairs their bioactivity and early osseointegration. In the present work, we prepared TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) layer on the titanium (Ti) surface by anodic oxidation. The anodized surface was functionalized with human bone morphogenetic protein-2 coating to form the hBMP-2/TNT surface. The release behavior of hBMP-2 on the hBMP-2/TNT surface displayed a controlled and sustained pattern, compared to that on the hBMP-2/Ti surface, which showed a rapid release. In vitro cellular activity tests demonstrated that both TNT and hBMP-2/Ti surfaces, particularly the hBMP-2/TNT surface, enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast cells. Increased cell adhesion, improved cytoskeleton organization, and immunofluorescence staining of vinculin were observed on the modified surfaces. The TNT, hBMP-2/Ti, and hBMP-2/TNT surfaces, especially the hBMP-2/TNT surface, further displayed an upregulated gene expression of adhesion and osteogenic markers vinculin, collagen type 1, osteopontin, and osteocalcin, compared to the pristine Ti surface. In vivo experiments using a rat model demonstrated that the TNT and hBMP-2/Ti surfaces, in particular the hBMP-2/TNT surface, improved osseointegration and showed a superior bone bonding ability compared to Ti. Our study revealed a synergistic role played by TiO2 nanotubes nanotopography and hBMP-2 in promoting initial osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and osseointegration, thus suggesting a promising method for better modifying the implant surface.

SUBMITTER: Li Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6457305 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Surface Immobilization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Synergistically Enhances Initial Preosteoblast Adhesion and Osseointegration.

Li Ying Y Song Yunjia Y Ma Aobo A Li Changyi C

BioMed research international 20190326

Although titanium (Ti) alloys have been widely used as implant materials, the bioinertness of pristine Ti impairs their bioactivity and early osseointegration. In the present work, we prepared TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes (TNT) layer on the titanium (Ti) surface by anodic oxidation. The anodized surface was functionalized with human bone morphogenetic protein-2 coating to form the hBMP-2/TNT surface. The release behavior of hBMP-2 on the hBMP-2/TNT surface displayed a controlled and sustained patte ...[more]

PMID: 31032352

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Project description:Ti is characteristically bioinert and is supplemented with modifications in surface topography and chemistry to find use in biomedical applications. The aim of this study is to understand the effects of surface charge on TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) on Ti implants towards early stage osseointegration. We hypothesize that charge storage on TNT will improve bioactivity and enhance early-stage osseointegration in vivo. Commercially pure Ti surface was altered by growing TNT via anodic oxidation followed by the introduction of surface charge through electrothermal polarization to form bioelectret. Our results indicate a stored charge of 37.15 ± 14 mC/cm2 for TNT surfaces. The polarized TNT (TNT-Ps) samples did not show any charge leakage up to 18 months, and improved wettability with a measured contact angle less than 1°. No cellular toxicity through osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro were shown by the TNT-Ps. Enhanced new bone formation at 5 weeks post-implantation for the TNT-Ps in contrast to TNTs was observed in vivo. Histomorphometric analyses show ∼40% increase in mineralized bone formation around the TNT-P implants than the TNTs at 5 weeks, which is indicative of accelerated bone remodeling cycle. These results show that stored surface charge on TiO2 nanotubes helped to accelerate bone healing due to early-stage osseointegration in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To improve surface bioactivity of metallic biomaterials, various approaches have been proposed and implemented. Among them, stored surface charge has been explored to enhance biological responses for hydroxyapatite ceramics where charged surfaces show favorable bone tissue ingrowth. However, surface charge effects have not yet been explored as a way to mitigate bio-inertness of titanium. This study intends to understand novel integration of bioactive titania-nanotubes and charge storage as surface modification for titanium implants. Our results show excellent biological response due to surface charge on titania-nanotubes offering possibilities of faster healing particularly for patients with compromised bone health.

Project description:One of the major challenges of implantology is to design nanoscale modifications of titanium implant surfaces inducing osseointegration. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of rat osteoblasts cultured on anodized TiO2 nanotubes of different crystallinity (amorphous and anatase phase) up to 24 days. TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated on VT1-0 titanium foil via a two-step anodization at 20 V using NH4F as an electrolyte. Anatase-phase samples were prepared by heat treatment at 500 °C for 1 h. VT1-0 samples with flat surfaces were used as controls. Primary rat osteoblasts were seeded over experimental surfaces for several incubation times. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze tested surfaces and cell morphology. Cell adhesion and proliferation were investigated by cell counting. Osteogenic differentiation of cells was evaluated by qPCR of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN), integrin binding sialoprotein (IBSP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN). Cell adhesion and proliferation, cell morphology and the expression of osteogenic markers were affected by TiO2 nanotube layered substrates of amorphous and anatase crystallinity. In comparison with flat titanium, along with increased cell adhesion and cell growth a large portion of osteoblasts grown on the both nanostructured surfaces exhibited an osteocyte-like morphology as early as 48 h of culture. Moreover, the expression of all tested osteogenic markers in cells cultured on amorphous and anatase TiO2 nanotubes was upregulated at least at one of the analyzed time points. To summarize, we demonstrated that amorphous and anodized TiO2 layered substrates are highly biocompatible with rat osteoblasts and that the surface modification with about 1500 nm length nanotubes of 35 ± 4 (amorphous phase) and 41 ± 8 nm (anatase phase) in diameter is sufficient to induce their osteogenic differentiation. Such results are significant to the engineering of coating strategies for orthopedic implants aimed to establish a more efficient bone to implant contact and enhance bone repair.

Dataset Information

Surface Immobilization of TiO2 Nanotubes with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Synergistically Enhances Initial Preosteoblast Adhesion and Osseointegration.

Publications

Surface Immobilization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Synergistically Enhances Initial Preosteoblast Adhesion and Osseointegration.

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