Dataset Information

Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

ABSTRACT:

Background

An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day).

Methods

A randomized double-blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67-73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso-caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up-and-Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand-Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention.

Results

A larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (?0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ?0.44 ± 1.40%, P_Interaction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (?-0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ?-0.31 ± 1.28 kg, P_Interaction = 0.013 and ?-0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ?-0.39 ± 1.36%, P_Interaction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair-rise ability, Timed Up-and-Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between-group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (P_Interaction < 0.001). No between-group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers.

Conclusions

In physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance.

SUBMITTER: Ten Haaf DSM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6463466 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Ten Haaf Dominique S M DSM Eijsvogels Thijs M H TMH Bongers Coen C W G CCWG Horstman Astrid M H AMH Timmers Silvie S de Groot Lisette C P G M LCPGM Hopman Maria T E MTE

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 20190307 2

<h4>Background</h4>An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day).<h4>Methods</h4>A randomized double-blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physica ...[more]

PMID: 30848096

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Project description:ObjectivesObesity is associated with sarcopenia in older adults, and weight loss can lead to further muscle mass loss. Oxytocin decreases with age, and animal studies suggest that oxytocin administration has trophic effects on skeletal muscle cells and reduces adiposity. We conducted a clinical trial to examine the safety and preliminary efficacy of intranasal oxytocin for older adults with sarcopenic obesity.DesignA double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial of intranasal oxytocin (24 IU 4 times per day) for 8 weeks.Setting and participantsTwenty-one older (67.5 ± 5.4 years), obese (30-43 kg/m2), sedentary (<2 strenuous exercise per week) adults with slow gait speed (<1 m/s, proxy measure of sarcopenia) were recruited.MeasuresGeneralized estimating equations were used to evaluate the effect of oxytocin on safety/tolerability of oxytocin administration and whole body muscle and fat mass.ResultsAt baseline, body mass index (BMI) was 36.8 ± 3.6 kg/m2, fat mass 46.09 ± 6.99 kg, lean mass 50.98 ± 11.77 kg, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 92.0 ± 8.9 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 5.7% ± 0.4%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) 111.3 ± 41.5 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 47.85 ± 10.96 mg/dL, and triglycerides 140.55 ± 83.50 mg/dL. Oxytocin administration was well tolerated without any significant adverse events. Oxytocin led to a significant increase of 2.25 kg in whole body lean mass compared with placebo (P < .01) with a trend toward decreasing fat mass, and a significantly reduced plasma LDL cholesterol by -19.3 mg/dL (P = .023) compared against placebo. There were no significant changes in BMI, appetite scores, glycemia, plasma HDL, triglycerides, or depressive symptoms.Conclusions and implicationsThis proof-of-concept study indicates that oxytocin may be useful for the treatment of sarcopenic obesity in older adults. Oxytocin administration may also provide additional cardiovascular benefits.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function are growing concerns in an aging population. Diet and physical activity are important for muscle maintenance but these requirements are not always met. This highlights the potential for nutritional supplementation. As a primary objective, we sought to assess the effect of a novel combination of L-Carnitine, creatine and leucine on muscle mass and performance in older subjects. METHOD:Forty-two healthy older adults aged 55-70 years were randomized to receive either a novel L-Carnitine (1500 mg), L-leucine (2000 mg), creatine (3000 mg), Vitamin D3 (10 ?g) (L-Carnitine-combination) product (n?=?14), L-Carnitine (1500 mg) (n?=?14), or a placebo (n?=?14) for eight weeks. We evaluated body mass by DXA, upper and lower strength by dynamometry, and walking distance by a 6-min walk test at baseline and after eight weeks of intervention. These measures, reflecting muscle mass, functional strength and mobility have been combined to generate a primary composite score. Quality of life, blood safety markers, and muscle biopsies for protein biomarker analysis were also conducted at baseline and the end of the study. RESULTS:The primary composite outcome improved by 63.5 percentage points in the L-Carnitine-combination group vs. placebo (P?=?0.013). However, this composite score did not change significantly in the L-Carnitine group (P?=?0.232), and decreased slightly in the placebo group (P?=?0.534). Participants supplemented with the L-Carnitine-combination showed a 1.0 kg increase in total lean muscle mass (P?=?0.013), leg lean muscle mass (0.35 kg, P?=?0.005), and a 1.0 kg increase in lower leg strength (P?=?0.029) at week 8. In addition, these increases were significant when compared to the placebo group (P?=?0.034, P?=?0.026, and P?=?0.002, respectively). Total mTOR protein expression was increased in participants in the L-Carnitine-combination group at the end of the study compared to the baseline (P?=?0.017). This increase was also significant when compared to the placebo (P?=?0.039), suggesting that the increase in muscle mass and strength was due to new protein synthesis and mTOR pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS:The trial did reach its primary objective. L-Carnitine combined with creatine and L-leucine significantly improved the composite score which reflects muscle mass and strength, at the end of the study compared to placebo. The combination showed an increase in mTOR protein level, a driver for increased muscle mass which translated to an improvement in muscle strength. This new combination may provide a potential nutritional intervention to promote muscle growth and improved physical functioning in older adults.

Dataset Information

Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Similar Datasets

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