Associations between superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and all-cause mortality in older adults: a community-based cohort study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mao C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6466801 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Associations between superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and all-cause mortality in older adults: a community-based cohort study.
Mao Chen C Yuan Jin-Qiu JQ Lv Yue-Bin YB Gao Xiang X Yin Zhao-Xue ZX Kraus Virginia Byers VB Luo Jie-Si JS Chei Choy-Lye CL Matchar David Bruce DB Zeng Yi Y Shi Xiao-Ming XM
BMC geriatrics 20190415 1
<h4>Background</h4>Oxidative stress is an important theory of aging but population-based evidence has been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between biomarkers of oxidative stress, including plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA), with all-cause mortality in older adults.<h4>Methods</h4>This is a community-based cohort study of 2224 participants (women:1227, median age: 86 years). We included individuals aged 65 or above and with plasma SOD acti ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundLittle is known on the association of types of grains with mortality and the moderating effect of lifestyle on this association. This study aims to evaluate the single or joint associations of types of grains and lifestyle with all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults.MethodsData were derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 1998 to 2018. Subjects aged ≥ 65 years were eligible. The types of grains included wheat, total rice, and coarse cereals. Lifestyle was derived using smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and dietary pattern. All-cause mortality was the primary outcome.ResultsThis study included 30275 participants with a mean age 87 ± 11 years and documented 19261 deaths during a mean follow-up of 4.8 years. Compared to wheat, in those with healthy and intermediate lifestyle, total rice was associated with a 13% (HR: 0.87, 95% CI 0.80, 0.93) and 6% (HR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.90, 1.00) lower risk of mortality, respectively, and coarse cereals were associated with a 14% (HR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.74, 1.00) and 12% (HR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.79, 0.97) lower risk of mortality, respectively. Meanwhile, an increase per SD in intakes of wheat and coarse cereals was associated with a 10% (HR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.03, 1.18) and 25% (HR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.08, 1.44) higher mortality rate in those with healthy lifestyle, and a 13% (HR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.08, 1.19) and 29% (HR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.17, 1.44) higher mortality in females but not males. In addition, a U-shaped association of intake of total grains with all- cause mortality was observed (P for non-linearity = 0.002), and a J-shaped association of intake of total rice with all- cause mortality was observed (P for non-linearity = 0.003).ConclusionsSpecific types of grains and lifestyle were separately or jointly associated with all-cause mortality. Compared to wheat, total rice and coarse cereals were advanced grains for participants with a relatively healthy lifestyle. Intake of total rice was related to all-cause mortality in a dose-response manner. Therefore, a combination of intermediate intake of total rice and healthy lifestyle should be encouraged in older adults.
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Project description:BackgroundPoor olfaction is common among older adults and has been linked to higher mortality. However, most studies have had a relatively short follow-up and have not explored potential explanations.ObjectiveTo assess poor olfaction in relation to mortality in older adults and to investigate potential explanations.DesignCommunity-based prospective cohort study.Setting2 U.S. communities.Participants2289 adults aged 71 to 82 years at baseline (37.7% black persons and 51.9% women).MeasurementsBrief Smell Identification Test in 1999 or 2000 (baseline) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality at 3, 5, 10, and 13 years after baseline.ResultsDuring follow-up, 1211 participants died by year 13. Compared with participants with good olfaction, those with poor olfaction had a 46% higher cumulative risk for death at year 10 (risk ratio, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.27 to 1.67]) and a 30% higher risk at year 13 (risk ratio, 1.30 [CI, 1.18 to 1.42]). Similar associations were found in men and women and in white and black persons. However, the association was evident among participants who reported excellent to good health at baseline (for example, 10-year mortality risk ratio, 1.62 [CI, 1.37 to 1.90]) but not among those who reported fair to poor health (10-year mortality risk ratio, 1.06 [CI, 0.82 to 1.37]). In analyses of cause-specific mortality, poor olfaction was associated with higher mortality from neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Mediation analyses showed that neurodegenerative diseases explained 22% and weight loss explained 6% of the higher 10-year mortality among participants with poor olfaction.LimitationNo data were collected on change in olfaction and its relationship to mortality.ConclusionPoor olfaction is associated with higher long-term mortality among older adults, particularly those with excellent to good health at baseline. Neurodegenerative diseases and weight loss explain only part of the increased mortality.Primary funding sourceNational Institutes of Health and Michigan State University.
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