Dataset Information

Trends in cause-specific mortality in HIV-hepatitis C coinfection following hepatitis C treatment scale-up.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment may reduce liver-related mortality but with competing risks, other causes of mortality may undermine benefits. We examined changes in cause-specific mortality among HIV-HCV coinfected patients before and after scale-up of HCV treatment.

Design

Prospective multicentre HIV-HCV cohort study in Canada.

Methods

Cause-specific deaths, classified using a modified 'Coding of Cause of Death in HIV' protocol, were determined for two time periods, 2003-2012 and 2013-2017, stratified by age (20-49; 50-80 years). Comparison of trends between periods was performed using Poisson regression. To account for competing risks, multinomial regression was used to estimate the cause-specific hazard ratios of time and age on cause of death, from which end-stage liver disease (ESLD)-specific 5-year cumulative incidence functions were estimated.

Results

Overall, 1634 participants contributed 8248 person-years of follow-up; 273 (17%) died. Drug overdose was the most common cause of death overall, followed by ESLD and smoking-related deaths. In 2013-2017, ESLD was surpassed by drug overdose and smoking-related deaths among those aged 20-49 and 50-80, respectively. After accounting for competing risks, comparing 2003-2012 to 2013-2017, ESLD deaths declined (adjusted hazards ratio: 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.05-0.62). However, both early and late period cumulative incidence functions demonstrated increased risk of death from ESLD for patients with poor HIV control and advanced fibrosis.

Conclusion

The gains made in overall mortality with HCV therapy may be thwarted if modifiable harms are not addressed. Although ESLD-related deaths have decreased over time, treatment should be further expanded, prioritizing those with advanced fibrosis.

SUBMITTER: Kronfli N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6467558 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Trends in cause-specific mortality in HIV-hepatitis C coinfection following hepatitis C treatment scale-up.

Kronfli Nadine N Bhatnagar Sahir R SR Hull Mark W MW Moodie Erica E M EEM Cox Joseph J Walmsley Sharon S Gill John J Cooper Curtis C Martel-Laferrière Valérie V Pick Neora N Klein Marina B MB

AIDS (London, England) 20190501 6

<h4>Objective</h4>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment may reduce liver-related mortality but with competing risks, other causes of mortality may undermine benefits. We examined changes in cause-specific mortality among HIV-HCV coinfected patients before and after scale-up of HCV treatment.<h4>Design</h4>Prospective multicentre HIV-HCV cohort study in Canada.<h4>Methods</h4>Cause-specific deaths, classified using a modified 'Coding of Cause of Death in HIV' protocol, were determined for two time pe ...[more]

PMID: 30946155

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundMortality during and after incarceration is poorly understood in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The need to address this knowledge gap is especially urgent in South America, which has the fastest growing prison population in the world. In Brazil, insufficient data have precluded our understanding of all-cause and cause-specific mortality during and after incarceration.Methods and findingsWe linked incarceration and mortality databases for the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul to obtain a retrospective cohort of 114,751 individuals with recent incarceration. Between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018, we identified 3,127 deaths of individuals with recent incarceration (705 in detention and 2,422 following release). We analyzed age-standardized, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality rates among individuals detained in different facility types and following release, compared to non-incarcerated residents. We additionally modeled mortality rates over time during and after incarceration for all causes of death, violence, or suicide. Deaths in custody were 2.2 times the number reported by the national prison administration (n = 317). Incarcerated men and boys experienced elevated mortality, compared with the non-incarcerated population, due to increased risk of death from violence, suicide, and communicable diseases, with the highest standardized incidence rate ratio (IRR) in semi-open prisons (2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0 to 2.8), police stations (3.1; 95% CI: 2.5 to 3.9), and youth detention (8.1; 95% CI: 5.9 to 10.8). Incarcerated women experienced increased mortality from suicide (IRR = 6.0, 95% CI: 1.2 to 17.7) and communicable diseases (IRR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.0). Following release from prison, mortality was markedly elevated for men (IRR = 3.0; 95% CI: 2.8 to 3.1) and women (IRR = 2.4; 95% CI: 2.1 to 2.9). The risk of violent death and suicide was highest immediately post-release and declined over time; however, all-cause mortality remained elevated 8 years post-release. The limitations of this study include inability to establish causality, uncertain reliability of data during incarceration, and underestimation of mortality rates due to imperfect database linkage.ConclusionsIncarcerated individuals in Brazil experienced increased mortality from violence, suicide, and communicable diseases. Mortality was heightened following release for all leading causes of death, with particularly high risk of early violent death and elevated all-cause mortality up to 8 years post-release. These disparities may have been underrecognized in Brazil due to underreporting and insufficient data.

Dataset Information

Trends in cause-specific mortality in HIV-hepatitis C coinfection following hepatitis C treatment scale-up.

Objective

Design

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Trends in cause-specific mortality in HIV-hepatitis C coinfection following hepatitis C treatment scale-up.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets