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A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 is required for ILC2 responses to IL-33.

ABSTRACT: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an important role in the initiation of type-2 immune responses. Numerous targets have been identified that may activate or repress ILC2 function, though few negative regulatory feedback pathways induced upon activation have been shown to be operative in ILC2s. Here we demonstrate that loss of ADAM17 from ILC2s results in a selective defect in IL-33 responsiveness, but not IL-25 responsiveness. We find that IL1R2 is significantly upregulated at both the transcript and protein level in IL-33 activated ILC2s. We are also able to demonstrate that ADAM17 regulates IL1R2 levels on ILC2s in both a constitutive and activation induced manner. Additionally, IL1R2+ ILC2s, a unique subset of ILC2s, have decreased Il5 and Il13 transcripts following IL-33 stimulation. Overall, these data suggest that the expression of IL1R2 may act as an activation-induced negative regulatory feedback mechanism to decrease ILC2 responsiveness to IL-33.

SUBMITTER: Lownik JC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6467721 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 is required for ILC2 responses to IL-33.

Lownik Joseph C JC Conrad Daniel H DH Martin Rebecca K RK

Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20190327 4

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an important role in the initiation of type-2 immune responses. Numerous targets have been identified that may activate or repress ILC2 function, though few negative regulatory feedback pathways induced upon activation have been shown to be operative in ILC2s. Here we demonstrate that loss of ADAM17 from ILC2s results in a selective defect in IL-33 responsiveness, but not IL-25 responsiveness. We find that IL1R2 is significantly upregulated at both the ...[more]

PMID: 30926166

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Neonatal hyperoxia promotes asthma-like features through IL-33-dependent ILC2 responses.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Premature infants often require oxygen supplementation and, therefore, are exposed to oxidative stress. Following oxygen exposure, preterm infants frequently develop chronic lung disease and have a significantly increased risk of asthma. OBJECTIVE:We sought to identify the underlying mechanisms by which neonatal hyperoxia promotes asthma development. METHODS:Mice were exposed to neonatal hyperoxia followed by a period of room air recovery. A group of mice was also intranasally exposed to house dust mite antigen. Assessments were performed at various time points for evaluation of airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, mucus production, inflammatory gene expression, and TH and group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) responses. Sera from term- and preterm-born infants were also collected and levels of IL-33 and type 2 cytokines were measured. RESULTS:Neonatal hyperoxia induced asthma-like features including airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hyperplasia, airway eosinophilia, and type 2 pulmonary inflammation. In addition, neonatal hyperoxia promoted allergic TH responses to house dust mite exposure. Elevated IL-33 levels and ILC2 responses were observed in the lungs most likely due to oxidative stress caused by neonatal hyperoxia. IL-33 receptor signaling and ILC2s were vital for the induction of asthma-like features following neonatal hyperoxia. Serum IL-33 levels correlated significantly with serum levels of IL-5 and IL-13 but not IL-4 in preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS:These data demonstrate that an axis involving IL-33 and ILC2s is important for the development of asthma-like features following neonatal hyperoxia and suggest therapeutic potential for targeting IL-33, ILC2s, and oxidative stress to prevent and/or treat asthma development related to prematurity.

| S-EPMC6003836 | biostudies-literature

PPARɣ drives IL-33-dependent ILC2 pro-tumoral functions.

Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a critical role in protection against helminths and in diverse inflammatory diseases by responding to soluble factors such as the alarmin IL-33, that is often overexpressed in cancer. Nonetheless, regulatory factors that dictate ILC2 functions remain poorly studied. Here, we show that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is selectively expressed in ILC2s in humans and in mice, acting as a central functional regulator. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of PPARγ in ILC2s significantly impair IL-33-induced Type-2 cytokine production and mitochondrial fitness. Further, PPARγ blockade in ILC2s disrupts their pro-tumoral effect induced by IL-33-secreting cancer cells. Lastly, genetic ablation of PPARγ in ILC2s significantly suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Our findings highlight a crucial role for PPARγ in supporting the IL-33 dependent pro-tumorigenic role of ILC2s and suggest that PPARγ can be considered as a druggable pathway in ILC2s to inhibit their effector functions. Hence, PPARγ targeting might be exploited in cancer immunotherapy and in other ILC2-driven mediated disorders, such as asthma and allergy.

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The IL-33-ILC2 pathway protects from amebic colitis.

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A-Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17 Enzymatically Degrades Interferon-gamma.

Project description:Interferon-gamma (IFN-?) is a pleiotropic cytokine that exerts anti-tumor and anti-osteoclastogenic effects. Although transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of IFN-? is well understood, subsequent modifications of secreted IFN-? are not fully elucidated. Previous research indicates that some cancer cells escape immune surveillance and metastasize into bone tissue by inducing osteoclastic bone resorption. Peptidases of the a-disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family are implicated in cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression. We hypothesized that the ADAM enzymes expressed by cancer cells degrades IFN-? and attenuates IFN-?-mediated anti-tumorigenic and anti-osteoclastogenic effects. Recombinant ADAM17 degraded IFN-? into small fragments. The addition of ADAM17 to the culture supernatant of stimulated mouse splenocytes decreased IFN-? concentration. However, ADAM17 inhibition in the stimulated mouse T-cells prevented IFN-? degradation. ADAM17-expressing human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 also degraded recombinant IFN-?, but this was attenuated by ADAM17 inhibition. Degraded IFN-? lost the functionality including the inhibititory effect on osteoclastogenesis. This is the first study to demonstrate the extracellular proteolytic degradation of IFN-? by ADAM17. These results suggest that ADAM17-mediated degradation of IFN-? may block the anti-tumorigenic and anti-osteoclastogenic effects of IFN-?. ADAM17 inhibition may be useful for the treatment of attenuated cancer immune surveillance and/or bone metastases.

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Vascular ADAM17 (a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain 17) Is Required for Angiotensin II/β-Aminopropionitrile-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Project description:Angiotensin II (AngII)-activated epidermal growth factor receptor has been implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), AngII activates epidermal growth factor receptor via a metalloproteinase, ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17). We hypothesized that AngII-dependent AAA development would be prevented in mice lacking ADAM17 in VSMCs. To test this concept, control and VSMC ADAM17-deficient mice were cotreated with AngII and a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile, to induce AAA. We found that 52.4% of control mice did not survive because of aortic rupture. All other surviving control mice developed AAA and demonstrated enhanced expression of ADAM17 in the AAA lesions. In contrast, all AngII and β-aminopropionitrile-treated VSMC ADAM17-deficient mice survived and showed reduction in external/internal diameters (51%/28%, respectively). VSMC ADAM17 deficiency was associated with lack of epidermal growth factor receptor activation, interleukin-6 induction, endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress, and matrix deposition in the abdominal aorta of treated mice. However, both VSMC ADAM17-deficient and control mice treated with AngII and β-aminopropionitrile developed comparable levels of hypertension. Treatment of C57Bl/6 mice with an ADAM17 inhibitory antibody but not with control IgG also prevented AAA development. In conclusion, VSMC ADAM17 silencing or systemic ADAM17 inhibition seems to protect mice from AAA formation. The mechanism seems to involve suppression of epidermal growth factor receptor activation.

| S-EPMC5679456 | biostudies-literature

Regnase-1 degradation is crucial for IL-33- and IL-25-mediated ILC2 activation.

Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a critical innate source of type 2 cytokines in allergic inflammation. Although ILC2s are recognized as a critical cell population in the allergic inflammation, the regulatory mechanism(s) of ILC2s are less well understood. Here, we show that Regnase-1, an immune regulatory RNAse that degrades inflammatory mRNAs, negatively regulates ILC2 function and that IκB kinase (IKK) complex-mediated Regnase-1 degradation is essential for IL-33- and IL-25-induced ILC2 activation. ILC2s from Regnase-1AA/AA mice expressing a Regnase-1 S435A/S439A mutant resistant to IKK complex-mediated degradation accumulated Regnase-1 protein in response to IL-33 and IL-25. IL-33- and IL-25-stimulated Regnase-1AA/AA ILC2s showed reduced cell proliferation and type 2 cytokine (IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13) production and increased cell death. In addition, Il2ra and Il1rl1, but not Il5, Il9, or Il13, mRNAs were destabilized in IL-33-stimulated Regnase-1AA/AA ILC2s. In vivo, Regnase-1AA/AA mice showed attenuated acute type 2 pulmonary inflammation induced by the instillation of IL-33, IL-25, or papain. Furthermore, the expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was significantly delayed in Regnase-1AA/AA mice. These results demonstrate that IKK complex-mediated Regnase-1 degradation is essential for ILC2-mediated type 2 responses both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, controlling Regnase-1 degradation is a potential therapeutic target for ILC2-contributed allergic disorders.

| S-EPMC7101157 | biostudies-literature

Ectodomain shedding by ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) in canine neutrophils.

Project description:ADAM17 is a transmembrane protease expressed by most cells in humans and mice that cleaves cell surface substrates primarily in a cis manner, a process referred to as ectodomain shedding. ADAM17 has numerous substrates and plays a broad role in various physiological processes, including as a key regulator of inflammation. At this time, little is known about ADAM17 expression and function in dogs. A well-established ADAM17 substrate is the leukocyte adhesion protein CD62L (L-selectin). We show that a selective inhibitor of ADAM17, but not an inhibitor of its most closely related family member ADAM10, blocks CD62L shedding upon canine neutrophil activation. We also tested several anti-human ADAM17 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for staining canine neutrophils. Although most did not recognize canine neutrophils, the mAbs MEDI3622 and D1(A12) did. They also blocked the downregulation of CD62L upon neutrophil activation. MEDI3622 is a human IgG antibody and we found that a canine chimeric version of this mAb also blocked CD62L shedding by canine leukocytes. Taken together, our findings provide the first direct evidence of ADAM17 expression and sheddase activity in dogs, establishing a potential therapeutic target for various inflammatory disorders.

| S-EPMC7769933 | biostudies-literature

Nrp1 downregulation correlates with enhanced ILC2 responses during IL-33 challenge

Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play critical roles in driving the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of ILC2s remain to be fully understood. Here, we identified neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) as a surface marker of ILC2s in response to IL-33 stimulation. Nrp1 was abundantly expressed in ILC2s from lung under steady state, which was significantly reduced upon IL-33 stimulation. ILC2s with high expression of Nrp1 (Nrp1high) displayed lower response to IL-33, as compared with Nrp1low ILC2s. Transcriptional profiling and flow cytometric analysis showed that downregulation of AKT-mTOR signaling participated in the diminished functionality of Nrp1high ILC2s. These observations revealed a potential role of Nrp1 in ILC2s responses under allergic inflammatory condition.

2023-09-30 | GSE243540 | GEO

Human ILC2 cells stimulated with IL-25, IL-33, or TSLP

Project description:ILC2 cells are a newly described cell type whose biology and contribution to disease are poorly understood. ILC2 cells are activated by allergens, viral infection, and/or epithelial damage via IL-33 and IL-25. ILC2 cells require IL-2, IL-7, IL-25 and IL-33 for their survival and expansion. In mice, ILC2s produce multiple mediators primarily associated with type 2 inflammation (IL-13, IL-5, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, GM-CSF, amphiregulin). ILC2 cells may contribute to the pathology of asthma through multiple mediators that include IL-13-independent pathways. Our goal is to compare transcriptional profiles of IL-33- or IL-25-activated ILC2 cells from blood to characterize these cells and to identify marker(s) that can be utilized to detect them in human tissue. ILC2 cells (Lineage negative, CRTH2+, CD161+, CD127+) were purified from human blood of 5 different donors by flow cytometry. The ILC2 yield ranged from 20,000 to 165,000 cells per donor (0.001-0.008% WBC). Purified ILC2s were expanded in vitro in the presence of IL-2, IL-7, IL-33 and IL-25 (each at 50 ng/ml) for 7-10 days. Expanded cells maintained the ILC2 phenotype (Lineage negative, CRTH2+, CD161+, CD127+). The cells were rested for 2 days in the presence of 1 ng/ml IL-2 and IL-7 and then treated in the presence of 1 ng/ml IL-2 and IL-7 with either media control, IL-25 (50 ng/ml), IL-33 (50 ng/ml), and/or TSLP (50 ng/ml) in combination, for 6 or 24 hours. Whole RNA was isolated via the RNeasy kit (Qiagen). Stratagene Universal Human Reference RNA was used as the reference.

2013-12-31 | E-GEOD-45458 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The Prostaglandin D2 Receptor CRTH2 Promotes IL-33-Induced ILC2 Accumulation in the Lung.

Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are rare innate immune cells that accumulate in tissues during allergy and helminth infection, performing critical effector functions that drive type 2 inflammation. ILC2s express ST2, the receptor for the cytokine IL-33, and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2), a receptor for the bioactive lipid prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). The IL-33-ST2 and the PGD2-CRTH2 pathways have both been implicated in promoting ILC2 accumulation during type 2 inflammation. However, whether these two pathways coordinate to regulate ILC2 population size in the tissue in vivo remains undefined. In this study, we show that ILC2 accumulation in the murine lung in response to systemic IL-33 treatment was partially dependent on CRTH2. This effect was not a result of reduced ILC2 proliferation, increased apoptosis or cell death, or differences in expression of the ST2 receptor in the absence of CRTH2. Rather, data from adoptive transfer studies suggested that defective accumulation of CRTH2-deficient ILC2s in response to IL-33 was due to altered ILC2 migration patterns. Whereas donor wild-type ILC2s preferentially accumulated in the lungs compared with CRTH2-deficient ILC2s following transfer into IL-33-treated recipients, wild-type and CRTH2-deficient ILC2s accumulated equally in the recipient mediastinal lymph node. These data suggest that CRTH2-dependent effects lie downstream of IL-33, directly affecting the migration of ILC2s into inflamed lung tissues. A better understanding of the complex interactions between the IL-33 and PGD2-CRTH2 pathways that regulate ILC2 population size will be useful in understanding how these pathways could be targeted to treat diseases associated with type 2 inflammation.

| S-EPMC6994842 | biostudies-literature

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