Dataset Information

Key Genes of Lipid Metabolism and WNT-Signaling Are Downregulated in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue with Moderate Weight Loss.

ABSTRACT: Smaller cross-sectional studies and bariatric surgery trials suggest that weight loss may change the expression of genes in adipose tissue that have been implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, but well-powered intervention trials are lacking. In post hoc analyses of data from a 12-week dietary intervention trial initially designed to compare metabolic effects of intermittent vs. continuous calorie restriction, we analyzed the effects of overall weight loss on the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) transcriptome. Changes in the transcriptome were measured by microarray using SAT samples of 138 overweight or obese individuals (age range: 35?65 years, BMI range: 25?40, non-smokers, non-diabetics). Participants were grouped post hoc according to the degree of their weight loss by quartiles (average weight loss in quartiles 1 to 4: 0%, -3.2%, -5.9%, and -10.7%). Candidate genes showing differential expression with weight loss according to microarray analyses were validated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and fold changes (FCs) were calculated to quantify differences in gene expression. A comparison of individuals in the highest vs. the lowest weight loss quartile revealed 681 genes to be differentially expressed (corrected p < 0.05), with 40 showing FCs of at least 0.4. Out of these, expression changes in secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2, FC = 0.65, p = 0.006), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD, FC = -1.00, p < 0.001), and hypoxia inducible lipid droplet-associated (HILPDA, FC = -0.45, p = 0.001) with weight loss were confirmed by RT-qPCR. Dietary weight loss induces significant changes in the expression of genes implicated in lipid metabolism (SCD and HILPDA) and WNT-signaling (SFRP2) in SAT.

SUBMITTER: Schubel R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6471921 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Key Genes of Lipid Metabolism and WNT-Signaling Are Downregulated in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue with Moderate Weight Loss.

Schübel Ruth R Sookthai Disorn D Greimel Judith J Johnson Theron S TS Grafetstätter Mirja E ME Kirsten Romy R Kratz Mario M Ulrich Cornelia M CM Kaaks Rudolf R Kühn Tilman T

Nutrients 20190316 3

Smaller cross-sectional studies and bariatric surgery trials suggest that weight loss may change the expression of genes in adipose tissue that have been implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, but well-powered intervention trials are lacking. In post hoc analyses of data from a 12-week dietary intervention trial initially designed to compare metabolic effects of intermittent vs. continuous calorie restriction, we analyzed the effects of overall weight loss on the subcutaneous adipo ...[more]

PMID: 30884788

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Project description:Excessive adipose tissue mass underlies much of the metabolic health complications in obesity. Although exercise training is known to improve metabolic health in individuals with obesity, the effects of exercise training without weight loss on adipose tissue structure and metabolic function remain unclear. Thirty-six adults with obesity (body mass index = 33 ± 3 kg · m-2 ) were assigned to 12 weeks (4 days week-1 ) of either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 70% maximal heart rate, 45 min; n = 17) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 90% maximal heart rate, 10 × 1 min; n = 19), maintaining their body weight throughout. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) biopsy samples were collected once before and twice after training (1 day after last exercise and again 4 days later). Exercise training modified aSAT morphology (i.e. reduced fat cell size, increased collagen type 5a3, both P ≤ 0.05, increased capillary density, P = 0.05) and altered protein abundance of factors that regulate aSAT remodelling (i.e. reduced matrix metallopeptidase 9; P = 0.02; increased angiopoietin-2; P < 0.01). Exercise training also increased protein abundance of factors that regulate lipid metabolism (e.g. hormone sensitive lipase and fatty acid translocase; P ≤ 0.03) and key proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway when measured the day after the last exercise session. However, most of these exercise-mediated changes were no longer significant 4 days after exercise. Importantly, MICT and HIIT induced remarkably similar adaptations in aSAT. Collectively, even in the absence of weight loss, 12 weeks of exercise training induced changes in aSAT structure, as well as factors that regulate metabolism and the inflammatory signal pathway in adults with obesity. KEY POINTS: Exercise training is well-known to improve metabolic health in obesity, although how exercise modifies the structure and metabolic function of adipose tissue, in the absence of weight loss, remains unclear. We report that both 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) induced modifications in adipose tissue structure and factors that regulate adipose tissue remodelling, metabolism and the inflammatory signal pathway in adults with obesity, even without weight loss (with no meaningful differences between MICT and HIIT). The modest modifications in adipose tissue structure in response to 12 weeks of MICT or HIIT did not lead to changes in the rate of fatty acid release from adipose tissue. These results expand our understanding about the effects of two commonly used exercise training prescriptions (MICT and HIIT) on adipose tissue remodelling that may lead to advanced strategies for improving metabolic health outcomes in adults with obesity.

Dataset Information

Key Genes of Lipid Metabolism and WNT-Signaling Are Downregulated in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue with Moderate Weight Loss.

Publications

Key Genes of Lipid Metabolism and WNT-Signaling Are Downregulated in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue with Moderate Weight Loss.

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