Dataset Information

Characterizing Relationship of Microbial Diversity and Metabolite in Sichuan Xiaoqu.

ABSTRACT: Xiaoqu is a fermentation starter used in the production of Xiaoqu jiu, which is also a traditional Chinese liquor. The quality and microbial community characteristics of Xiaoqu is closely related with the yield and flavor feature of fresh Xiaoqu jiu. The present study aims to explore the mystery behind microbial diversity and volatiles of Xiaoqu through polyphasic detection methods such as the Illumina MiSeq platform and the metabolite analyzing method. Results showed that differences in microbial community diversity among samples were significant. The hydrolytic ability was positively correlated with ?- and ?-diversity of bacteria, but negatively correlated with that of fungi. Staphylococcus and Weissella were the dominant bacteria, while Rhizopus and Candida were the dominant fungi. The abundance of bacteria in sample No3 ranged from 33.66 to 91.53%, while sample No4 the abundance of fungi ranged from 58.51 to 48.72%. The difference of microbial community diversity resulted in a discrepancy of volatile profiles and interaction relationship among the genus. Twenty-four dominant bacteria and seven dominant fungi were correlated with 20 different volatiles. This study provides a scientific perspective of the uniformity and stability of Xiaoqu jiu and might aid in controlling its manufacturing process.

SUBMITTER: Tang Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6473189 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterizing Relationship of Microbial Diversity and Metabolite in Sichuan Xiaoqu.

Tang Qiuxiang Q He Guiqiang G Huang Jun J Wu Chongde C Jin Yao Y Zhou Rongqing R

Frontiers in microbiology 20190412

Xiaoqu is a fermentation starter used in the production of Xiaoqu jiu, which is also a traditional Chinese liquor. The quality and microbial community characteristics of Xiaoqu is closely related with the yield and flavor feature of fresh Xiaoqu jiu. The present study aims to explore the mystery behind microbial diversity and volatiles of Xiaoqu through polyphasic detection methods such as the Illumina MiSeq platform and the metabolite analyzing method. Results ...[more]

PMID: 31031717

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Project description:Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) successfully suppresses HIV-1 replication, ART-treated individuals must maintain therapy to avoid rebound from an integrated viral reservoir. Strategies to limit or clear this reservoir are urgently needed. Individuals infected for longer periods prior to ART appear to harbor more genetically diverse virus, but the roles of duration of infection and viral diversity in the humoral immune response remain to be studied. We aim to clarify a role, if any, for autologous and heterologous antibodies in multi-pronged approaches to clearing infection. To that end, we have characterized the breadths and potencies of antibody responses in individuals with varying durations of infection and HIV-1 envelope (env) gene diversity as well as the sensitivity of their inducible virus reservoir to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Plasma was collected from 8 well-characterized HIV-1+ males on ART with varied durations of active infection. HIV envs from reservoir-derived outgrowth viruses were amplified and single genome sequenced in order to measure genetic diversity in each participant. IgG from plasma was analyzed for binding titers against gp41 and gp120 proteins, and for neutralizing titers against a global HIV-1 reference panel as well as autologous outgrowth viruses. The sensitivity to bNAbs of these same autologous viruses was measured. Overall, we observed that greater env diversity was associated with higher neutralizing titers against the global panel and also increased resistance to certain bNAbs. Despite the presence of robust anti-HIV-1 antibody titers, we did not observe potent neutralization against autologous viruses. In fact, 3 of 8 participants harbored viruses that were completely resistant to the highest tested concentration of autologous IgG. That this lack of neutralization was observed regardless of ART duration or viral diversity suggests that the inducible reservoir harbors 'escaped' viruses (that co-evolved with autologous antibody responses), rather than proviruses archived from earlier in infection. Finally, we observed that viruses resistant to autologous neutralization remained sensitive to bNAbs, especially CD4bs and MPER bNAbs. Overall, our data suggest that the inducible reservoir is relatively resistant to autologous antibodies and that individuals with limited virus variation in the env gene, such as those who start ART early in infection, are more likely to be sensitive to bNAb treatment.

Dataset Information

Characterizing Relationship of Microbial Diversity and Metabolite in Sichuan Xiaoqu.

Publications

Characterizing Relationship of Microbial Diversity and Metabolite in Sichuan <i>Xiaoqu</i>.

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