Dataset Information

Prevalence and Serotype Diversity of Salmonella in Apparently Healthy Cattle: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, 2000-2017.

ABSTRACT: Salmonellosis is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses in humans with cattle being one of the reservoirs for Salmonella. We estimated a pooled prevalence of Salmonella in apparently healthy cattle and examined serotype diversity through systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2017. Peer reviewed publications reporting the prevalence of Salmonella in cattle were searched through five electronic databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Agricola, Scopus, CAB direct) and through manual search. We obtained 71 publications with 75 datasets consisting a total of 52,766 animals examined and 5,010 Salmonella positive cattle from 29 countries in six continents (except from Antarctica). Pooled prevalence of Salmonella in cattle was 9% (95% confidence interval: 7-11%). Significantly high heterogeneity (I ² = 98.7%, P < 0.01) was observed among all studies as well as within continents. Prevalence varied from 2% (Europe) to 16% (North America). Overall, 143 different serotypes were reported with the most diverse serotypes being reported from Africa (76 different serotypes) followed by North America (49 serotypes). The 10 most frequently reported serotypes (Montevideo, Typhimurium, Kentucky, Meleagridis, Anatum, Cerro, Mbandaka, Muenster, Newport, and Senftenberg) accounted for 65% of the isolates for which specific serotype information was reported. Salmonella Montevideo and S. Dublin are the most frequently reported serotypes in North America and Europe, respectively, while S. Typhimurium was the most frequent in Africa, Asia and Australasia. Our results indicated variability both in the prevalence and serotype diversity of Salmonella in cattle across continents. Although all Salmonella serotypes are potentially pathogenic to humans, five (Montevideo, Typhimurium, Anatum, Mbandaka, and Newport) of the top 10 serotypes identified in this study are among the serotypes most commonly associated with clinical illnesses in humans.

SUBMITTER: Gutema FD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6476277 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence and Serotype Diversity of Salmonella in Apparently Healthy Cattle: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, 2000-2017.

Gutema Fanta D FD Agga Getahun E GE Abdi Reta D RD De Zutter Lieven L Duchateau Luc L Gabriël Sarah S

Frontiers in veterinary science 20190409

Salmonellosis is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses in humans with cattle being one of the reservoirs for Salmonella. We estimated a pooled prevalence of Salmonella in apparently healthy cattle and examined serotype diversity through systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2017. Peer reviewed publications reporting the prevalence of Salmonella in cattle were searched through five electronic databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Agricola, Sc ...[more]

PMID: 31037239

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Project description:BackgroundTyphoid fever remains a major public health problem in Zimbabwe with recurrent outbreaks reported since 2009. To provide guidance on appropriate treatment choice in order to minimise the morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever and prevent large scale outbreaks, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, prevalence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) H58 haplotype and molecular subtypes of S. Typhi from outbreak strains isolated from 2009 to 2017 in Zimbabwe and compared these to isolates from neighbouring African countries.MethodsAntimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all isolates using the disk diffusion, and E-Test, and results were interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines (2017). S. Typhi H58 haplotype screening was performed on 161 (58.3%) isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on 91 selected isolates across timelines using antibiotic susceptibility results and geographical distribution (2009 to 2016).ResultsBetween 2009 and 2017, 16,398 suspected cases and 550 confirmed cases of typhoid fever were notified in Zimbabwe. A total of 276 (44.6%) of the culture-confirmed S. Typhi isolates were analysed and 243 isolates (88.0%) were resistant to two or more first line drugs (ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol) for typhoid. The most common resistance was to ampicillin-chloramphenicol (172 isolates; 62.3%). Increasing ciprofloxacin resistance was observed from 2012 to 2017 (4.2 to 22.0%). Out of 161 screened isolates, 150 (93.2%) were haplotype H58. Twelve PFGE patterns were observed among the 91 isolates analysed, suggesting some diversity exists among strains circulating in Zimbabwe. PFGE analysis of 2013, 2014 and 2016 isolates revealed a common strain with an indistinguishable PFGE pattern (100% similarity) and indistinguishable from PFGE patterns previously identified in strains isolated from South Africa, Zambia and Tanzania.ConclusionsResistance to first line antimicrobials used for typhoid fever is emerging in Zimbabwe and the multidrug resistant S. Typhi H58 haplotype is widespread. A predominant PFGE clone circulating in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Zambia and Tanzania, argues for cross-border cooperation in the control of this disease.

Project description:Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky is frequently associated with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance and has gained epidemiological importance globally. A retrospective screening was performed to understand the national prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant S Kentucky in China. S. enterica strains (n = 15,405) were collected within the frame of two national surveillance networks between 2013 and 2017. Thirty-three S. Kentucky strains were detected in 5 of 10 provinces, and 27 were assigned to sequence type 198 (ST198). The 27 isolates were multidrug resistant, with high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, and 21 isolates were further resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Phylogenomic analysis classified ST198 isolates into two clades (198.1 and 198.2), and recent occurrences of inter-/intraregion and interhost transmission were identified. Phylogenetic reconstruction with a global collection showed that one subclade of clade 198.2 was clustered with historical strains from Egypt, and the other one was clustered with strains from Southeast Asia. Isolates of clade 198.1 were clustered with strains isolated from North America. The various patterns of mutations detected in quinolone resistance-determining regions of GyrA and ParC are accordant with the phylogenetic structure. These findings indicate that our isolates may have various origins. SGI1 was exclusively detected in isolates of clade 198.2 with a highly mosaic structure, which were mainly identified as SGI1-K derivatives. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnrS1 and aac(6')-Ib-cr were identified in three isolates, and bla CTX-M-9 and bla CTX-M-27 were detected in 20 of 21 ESC-resistant isolates. This is the first report of the genetic and epidemiological characterization for the S Kentucky epidemic clone ST198 in China, warranting the necessity of surveillance for the high-risk clone.IMPORTANCE Ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins are the choice for treatment of severe nontyphoidal S. enterica infections in adults. S. enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 has gained epidemiological importance globally, because the clone is frequently resistant to both of these high-level-resistance drug groups. The genetic and epidemiological characterization of S. Kentucky has been well studied in Western countries; however, the information is unclear for China. To fill in the gap, we here did a retrospective screening on a large collection in China, and ST198 isolates were systematically analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Our study revealed that multidrug-resistant ST198 has spread in five provinces, and the occurrences of interregion and cross-host clonal disseminations were detected. Of note, phylogenomic analysis suggests that the Chinese isolates may have emerged with diverse origins, including Egypt, Southeast Asia, and North America. This study warrants the necessity of surveillance for the high-risk clone to prevent its further dissemination in China.

Project description:To more fully characterize the burden of Salmonella enterica in bovine peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), PLN (n = 5,450) were collected from healthy cattle at slaughter in 12 commercial abattoirs that slaughtered feedlot-fattened (FF) cattle exclusively (n = 7), cattle removed (or culled) from breeding herds (n = 3), or both FF and cull cattle (n = 2). Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to estimate prevalence and concentration of Salmonella in PLN. Isolates were subjected to a variety of phenotypic, serological, and molecular assays. Overall, Salmonella prevalence in PLN from FF and cull cattle was 7.1 and 1.8%. However, burden varied by season in that observed prevalence in PLN collected in cooler or warmer seasons was 2.4 and 8.2%, respectively. Prevalence in PLN from cull cattle in the southwest region of the US was 2.1 and 1.1% for cool and warm seasons, respectively; however, prevalence in FF PLN was far greater in that it was 6.5 and 31.1%, respectively. Salmonella was recovered from 289 (5.6%) PLN and 2.9% (n = 160) of all PLN tested had quantifiable concentrations that varied from 1.6 to 4.9 log10 colony forming units/PLN. The most common serotypes isolated from PLN were Montevideo (26.9%), Lille (14.9%), Cerro (13.0%), Anatum (12.8%), and Dublin (6.9%). In all, 376 unique isolates were collected from the 289 Salmonella-positive PLN. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed the majority (80.6%) of these isolates were pansusceptible; however, 10.7% of isolates were found to be resistant to two or more antimicrobial classes. We were able to document an observed increased in prevalence of Salmonella in PLN during the warmer season, particularly in FF cattle from the southwest region of the US. The mechanisms underlying the observed association between season, region, and production source have yet to be elucidated. Nevertheless, these findings increase our understanding of the sources of contamination of beef products and shed light on transmission dynamics that may be useful in targeting these sources.

Dataset Information

Prevalence and Serotype Diversity of Salmonella in Apparently Healthy Cattle: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, 2000-2017.

Publications

Prevalence and Serotype Diversity of <i>Salmonella</i> in Apparently Healthy Cattle: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, 2000-2017.

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