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Associations of marital status with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A long term follow-up study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:To investigate the associations of marital status with major clinical outcomes including type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. METHODS:The study cohort (1999-2014) included 9,737 (45% male) Iranian adults with a mean age of 47.6 years. Marital status was defined as married versus never married, divorced and widowed. The relationship between marital status and the four above mentioned outcomes were investigated using Cox regression models adjusted for the main confounders, specific to each outcome. RESULTS:After more than 12 years of follow-up, 1,889 (883 men) individuals developed hypertension, 1,038 (468 men) T2D, 1015 (597 men) CVD and 668 (409 men) all-cause mortality. Compared with married, being never married in men was associated with higher risk of hypertension [hazard ratio (HR): 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-2.16] and all-cause mortality (2.17; 0.95-5.00; p-value = 0.066) after adjusting for confounders. Among women, compared with married status, widowed status was associated with a lower risk of T2D (0.74; 0.56-0.97) in the confounders adjusted model. Moreover, never married women had a lower risk of hypertension (0.58; 0.37-0.90) compared to married ones in the age adjusted model, a finding that did not achieve significance, after further adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION:We found that the relationship between marital status and health outcomes varied by gender. Being never married was an important risk factor for hypertension and tended to be a significant risk factor for mortality in men. However, among women, being widowed was associated with a lower risk of T2D.

SUBMITTER: Ramezankhani A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6476533 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations of marital status with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A long term follow-up study.

Ramezankhani Azra A Azizi Fereidoun F Hadaegh Farzad F Hadaegh Farzad F

PloS one 20190422 4

<h4>Background</h4>To investigate the associations of marital status with major clinical outcomes including type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality.<h4>Methods</h4>The study cohort (1999-2014) included 9,737 (45% male) Iranian adults with a mean age of 47.6 years. Marital status was defined as married versus never married, divorced and widowed. The relationship between marital status and the four above mentioned outcomes were investigated using C ...[more]

PMID: 31009512

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Project description:ImportanceMarital status has been shown to be associated with mortality, but evidence in Asian populations is limited.ObjectiveTo examine the association of marital status with total and cause-specific mortality.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study included individual participant data from 16 prospective studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium conducted between 1963 and 2015. Asian participants with complete information on marital and vital status were included. Study-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards model and then pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. The analysis began in February 2021 and ended in August 2021.ExposuresMarital status.Main outcomes and measuresAll-cause and cause-specific mortality.ResultsOf 623 140 participants (326 397 women [52.4%] and 296 743 men [47.6%]; mean [SD] age, 53.7 [10.2] years; mean [SD] follow-up time, 15.5 [6.1] years), 123 264 deaths were ascertained. Compared with married individuals, those who were unmarried had pooled HRs of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.07-1.24) for total mortality, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03-1.22) for cerebrovascular disease mortality, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.09-1.31) for coronary heart disease mortality, 1.17 (95% CI, 1.07-1.28) for circulatory system diseases mortality, 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01-1.11) for cancer mortality, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05-1.23) for respiratory diseases mortality, and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.05-1.34) for external causes of death. Positive associations with total mortality were also observed for those who were single (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.41-1.86), separated (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13-1.61), divorced (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13-1.69), and widowed (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.13). In subgroup analyses, the positive association persisted across baseline health conditions, and the risk of death was more pronounced among men or people younger than 65 years.Conclusions and relevanceThis large pooled cohort study of individual participant data provides strong evidence that being unmarried, as well as belonging to the unmarried subcategories, was positively associated with total and cause-specific mortality. Investment of targeted social support services might need to be considered in light of the mortality differences between married and unmarried individuals.

Project description:ObjectiveTo quantify the association between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) including different subtypes [coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and sudden death], and all-cause mortality in an Iranian population.MethodsThe study population included 6,388 participants (2,726 men) aged 48.0 ± 12.4 years free of CVD at baseline. We utilized the American Heart Association's 2020 impact target criteria of ideal, intermediate, and poor CVH. The multivariate Cox proportional Hazard model, adjusted for age, sex, educational level, marital status, and family history of CVD, was applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of outcomes per one additional metric of ideal CVH metrics. Furthermore, the risk was also calculated for ideal and intermediate categories considering poor category as a reference.ResultsDuring the median follow-up of 11.26 years, 692 CVD, 589 CHD, 130 stroke, 111 sudden death, and 519 all-cause mortality events were reported. All of the individual ideal CVH metrics were independent predictors except intermediate physical activity level for CVD, BMI < 25 kg/m2, and intermediate physical activity for all-cause mortality. Each additional metrics of ideal CVH decreased the risk by 31 (0.69, 0.65-0.73) for CVD, 32 (0.68, 0.64-0.73) for CHD, 31 (0.69, 0.60-0.80) for stroke, 25 (0.75, 0.64-0.88) for sudden death, and 13% (0.87, 0.81-0.93) for all-cause mortality events. Moreover, intermediate and ideal categories of CVH metrics were associated with lower risk for different CVD outcomes, i.e., 44 (0.56, 0.48-0.65) and 76% (0.24, 0.17-0.35) for CVD; 43 (0.57, 0.47-0.67) and 75% (0.25, 0.16-0.37) for CHD, 58 (0.42, 0.29-0.61) and 86% (0.14, 0.04-0.44) for stroke; 56 (0.44, 0.29-0.66) and 55% (0.45, 0.21-0.99) for sudden death; and 25 (0.75, 0.62-0.90) and 46% (0.54, 0.37-0.80) for all-cause mortality events, respectively. We also assessed the impact of changes in ideal CVH status from phase III to phase IV (2008-2011) on CVD events among 5,666 participants. Accordingly, compared to those remaining in the poor category, all of the changes in ideal CVH categories showed a lower risk for CVD events.ConclusionAmong the Iranian population, meeting higher ideal CVH metrics is associated with a lower risk of different CVD events and mortality outcomes.

Dataset Information

Associations of marital status with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A long term follow-up study.

Publications

Associations of marital status with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A long term follow-up study.

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